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ANAPHY LABORATORY > INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

components of the integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails, glands

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2
Q

main functions of skin

A

protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D production

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3
Q

the largest organ of the body

A

skin

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4
Q

average weight of skin

A

6-8 lbs

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5
Q

average surface area of skin

A

20 square feet

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6
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

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7
Q

structure of epidermis (type of epithelium)

A

keratinized stratified squamous

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8
Q

2 main functions of epidermis

A

protection against abrasion, prevention of water loss

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9
Q

structure of dermis (type of tissue)

A

dense irregular tissue (for elasticity and can withstand pressure)

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10
Q

fatty layer of the skin

A

hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

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11
Q

structure of hypodermis (type of tissue)

A

loose connective tissue (adipose and areolar)

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12
Q

functions of hypodermis

A

connects dermis (skin) to muscles, shock-absorber of the body, insulator, energy reservoir

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13
Q

most superficial layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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14
Q

the epidermis receives nutrients via ________; nutrients come from the _______

A

diffusion; dermis

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15
Q

this process involves the replacement of cells from normal cells with keratin

A

keratinization/cornification

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16
Q

in which body parts can keratinization occur

A

feathers, hair, nails, claws, horns

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17
Q

how much does an individual’s skin shed normally

A

1 lbs

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18
Q

layers of epidermis (thick skin)

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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19
Q

layers of epidermis (thin skin)

A

stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basalea

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20
Q

hairless type of skin

A

thick skin

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21
Q

type of skin found in your soles and palms

A

thick skin

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22
Q

type of skin found all over the body

A

thin skin

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23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
the epidermis is vascular

A

FALSE (it is avascular and receives nutrition via diffusion)

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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
the layers of thin skin include the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basalea

A

FALSE (walang stratum lucidum ang thin skin)

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25
Q

different cell types in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, merkel cells

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26
Q

where are keratinocytes mainly located

A

on the outer layer of the skin

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27
Q

function of keratinocytes

A

production of keratin

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28
Q

this cell type is responsible for skin pigmentation

A

melanocytes

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29
Q

main function of melanocytes

A

production of melanin

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30
Q

immune cells of the epidermis

A

langerhans cells

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31
Q

main function of langerhans cells

A

engulf pathogens

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32
Q

WBC found outside blood vessels

A

macrophages

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33
Q

WBC found inside blood vessels

A

monocytes

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34
Q

specialized epidermal cells associated with nerve endings

A

merkel cells

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35
Q

main function of merkel cells

A

sensation (detects touch and superficial pressure)

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36
Q

this epidermal layer is in direct contact with the basement membrane

A

stratum basale

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37
Q

stratum basale contains what type of cells

A

basal cells (cuboidal/columnar), melanocytes, and merkel cells

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38
Q

other term for stratum basale

A

stratum germinativum

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39
Q

which epidermal layer is responsible for the production of new skin cells to replace the top/dead skin cells

A

stratum basale

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40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
stratum basale consists of highly mitotic cells

A

TRUE

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41
Q

approximately how many days does the stratum basale undergo mitotic division

A

19 days

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42
Q

how many days will it take for skin cells to reach the epidermal surface

A

40-56 days

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43
Q

the stratum spinosum consists of ______ layers of ______ cells

A

8-10; many sided cells/spined cells

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44
Q

spined cells in the stratum spinosum are bound by ________

A

desmosomes

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45
Q

what types of cells can be found in the stratum basale

A

basal cells, melanocytes, merkel cells

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46
Q

what type of cells can be found in stratum spinosum

A

keratinocytes and langerhans cells

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47
Q

this is the granular layer of the epidermis

A

stratum granulosum

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
melanocytes from the spinosum migrate to form lipid granules

A

FALSE:
keratinocytes from the spinosum migrate to form protein granules

49
Q

in which layer does keratinocytes from the spinosum migrate to form protein granules

A

stratum granulosum

50
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
most cells in the top part of the stratum granulosum are dying flat cells

A

TRUE

51
Q

this is the translucent layer of the epidermis

A

stratum lucidum

52
Q

this is the clear intracellular protein found in the keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum

A

eleidin

53
Q

most superficial part of the epidermis

A

stratum corneum

54
Q

the stratum corneum is composed of what type of cells/tissue

A

dead keratinized tissues (corneocytes)

55
Q

how many layers does stratum corneum have

A

25 or more

56
Q

hairless type of skin

A

thick skin

57
Q

why is thick skin (palms and soles) relatively lighter than other parts of the body

A

because the outermost layer is farther away from the basal layer with melanocytes, decreasing its pigment

58
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
stratum corneum is known to be thinner in thick skin than in thin skin

A

FALSE (it’s factually THICKER)

59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
the type of skin affects skin color

A

TRUE

60
Q

this is the thickest layer of the skin

A

dermis

61
Q

what type of tissue is the dermis made of

A

dense irregular connective tissue

62
Q

what are the structures present in the dermis

A

nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles (arrector pili), glands, lymphatic/blood vessels

63
Q

what are the types of cells present in the dermis

A

fibroblasts (connective tissue) , macrophages, mast cells, and WBCs

64
Q

what are the types of fibers present in the dermis

A

collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers

65
Q

this type of fiber strengthens your tissue

A

collagen fibers

66
Q

this type of fiber provides elasticity

A

elastic fibers

67
Q

this type of fiber binds collagen and elastic fibers together

A

reticular fibers

68
Q

main functions of the dermis

A

main water supply of the body, provides nutrition for the epidermis, and temperature regulation (sweat glands)

69
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
the dermis is highly vascular

A

TRUE

70
Q

these are nipple-like projections on the upper part of the dermis that contains blood vessels

A

dermal papillae

71
Q

these structures form the fingerprints and footprints on thick skin

A

dermal papillae

72
Q

give one function of the dermal papillae

A

provides friction for better grip

73
Q

what are the layers of the dermis

A

dermal papillae, papillary layer, and reticular layer

74
Q

this layer of the dermis is in direct contact with the basement membrane

A

papillary layer

75
Q

functions of the papillary layer

A

regulates body temp and supplies nutrition for the epidermis

76
Q

structure of the papillary layer

A

loose connective tissue (possible areolar tissue)

77
Q

this is the second (deepest) layer of the dermis

A

reticular layer

78
Q

functions of the reticular layer

A

structure, elasticity, and support for the components of the skin

79
Q

this appears when skin is overstretched and damaged

A

stretch marks

80
Q

medical term for stretch marks

A

striae

81
Q

what accessory structures are found in the reticular layer of the dermis

A

hair, arrector pili, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

82
Q

also known as the subcutaneous layer

A

hypodermis

83
Q

the hypodermis is a network of [types of tissues] and [type of fibers]

A

fat (adipose and areolar); collagen

84
Q

this connects the dermis to the muscles

A

hypodermis

85
Q

structure of hypodermis

A

loose connective tissue (adipose and areloar)

86
Q

types of accessory skin structures

A

hair, nails, and glands

87
Q

in which layer are accessory structures located

a. epidermis
b. dermis
c. hypodermis

A

b. dermis

88
Q

this is found everywhere in the skin except in thick skin

A

hair

89
Q

what is responsible for hair pigmentation/color

A

melanin with a mixture of keratin

90
Q

major types of hair

A

vellus and terminal hair

91
Q

this type of hair does not project beyond the hair follicles

A

vellus hair

92
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
vellus hair is more heavily pigmented than terminal hair

A

FALSE

93
Q

in which areas of the body can terminal hair be found

A

underarms, pubic area, and beard

94
Q

concentric layers of the hair

A

inner medula (innermost), cortex, cuticle (outermost)

95
Q

which concentric layer of the hair is covered with hard keratin

A

cuticle

96
Q

terminal hair is longer and deep within the ___________

A

hair bulb

97
Q

this reacts with cold temperature and emotions (fear) and is responsible for goosebumps

A

arrector pili

98
Q

what type of muscle is the arrector pili

A

smooth muscle

99
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
the skin contains a certain type of muscle

A

TRUE (arrector pili)

100
Q

the nails are made up of ________________ cells

A

(highly keratinized) epithelial

101
Q

what mineral hardens the nail

A

calcium

102
Q

the cuticle is made up of dead keratinized skin cells; the eponychium is made up of ______________

A

alive cells (with prominent nucleus and cells)

103
Q

average growth rate of nails a day

A

0.5-1.2 mm

103
Q

4 types of glands

A

sebaceous, sweat, ceruminous, and mammary glands

104
Q

other term for sweat glands

A

sudoriparous glands

105
Q

types of sweat glands

A

eccrine and apocrine

106
Q

this type of gland is found by the hair follicles

A

sebaceous gland

107
Q

secretion of sebaceous glands

A

sebum

108
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
body secretions are odorless unless they come in contact with normal flora

A

TRUE

109
Q

how many sweat glands are in an adult body

A

3-4 million

110
Q

secretion of eccrine glands

A

isotonic fluid with salt

111
Q

secretion of apocrine glands

A

3-methyl-2hexanoic acid

112
Q

apocrine glands are found in what parts of the body

A

armpits and genitals

113
Q

ceruminous glands are modified ________ glands found in the external auditory canal

A

eccrine

114
Q

secretion of ceruminous glands

A

cerumen

115
Q

modified apocrine glands

A

mammary glands

116
Q
A

ANAPHY LABORATORY (2 decks)

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