Integumentary System

Question 1

the integumentary system is…
it primarily…

Answer 1

the external covering of an animal.
protects against mechanical injury and invasion by microorganisms.

Question 2

integumentary functions that have evolved include:

Answer 2

• regulation of body temperature
• excretion of wastes
• vitamin D3 formation

Question 3

reception of environmental stimuli:

Answer 3

• pain
• temperature
• pressure

Question 4

the integumentary system is also involved in: (2)

Answer 4

• locomotion
• movement of nutrients and gases

Question 5

single celled protozoa only have a… for an external covering

Answer 5

plasma membrane

Question 6

other protozoa have a thick covering called…

Answer 6

pellicle

Question 7

most multicellular invertebrates have an integument consisting of a…

Answer 7

single layer of columnar epithelial cells

Question 8

epidermal cells exposed at the surface of animal integument may posses…

Answer 8

cilia

Question 9

some invertebrates also contain… (cells) that secrete overlying, non-cellular material

Answer 9

glandular cells

Question 10

some invertebrates possess… that vary in structure. in some animals, they are thin and elastic, and in others, they are thick and rigid.

Answer 10

cuticles

Question 11

cuticles consist of…

Answer 11

chitin and protein

Question 12

in cnidarians, the epidermis is only…

Answer 12

one cell layer thick

Question 13

other cnidarians have… glands that secrete a…

Answer 13

mucous, calcium carbonate shell

Question 14

the outer covering of parasitic flukes and tapeworms is called a… (meaning “to cover”), its main functions are… (2 functions)

Answer 14

tegument, nutrient ingestion and protection against digestion

Question 15

… is the vertebrate integument. it is the largest organ and grows with the animal.

Answer 15

skin

Question 16

the skin has three main layers: … composed of… (tissue)

Answer 16

• epidermis: epithelial tissue
• dermis: connective tissue
• hypodermis: loose connective tissue

Question 17

jawless fish such as lampreys and hagfish are… -skinned and sport… (cells) that secrete…

Answer 17

thick-skinned, epidermal glandular cells, mucous

Question 18

cartilaginous fish skin is… -layered and contains… and… (cells)

Answer 18

multi-layered, mucous, sensory cells

Question 19

cartilaginous dermis contains… in the form of… and are similar to teeth

Answer 19

bone, placoid cells called denticles

Question 20

denticles contain…

Answer 20

blood vessles and nerves

Question 21

bony fish have… covered by a thin layer of… composed of…

Answer 21

scales, dermal tissue, dermal bone

Question 22

scales do not… and have… that can determine fish age

Answer 22

shed, growth lines

Question 23

bony fish are also called

Answer 23

teleosts

Question 24

fish skin is… , permits… exchange , has an epidermis containing… (gland) , and some have… (gland) that…

Answer 24

permeable, gas, mucous glands, granular glands, secrete toxic/repellent secretion

Question 25

deep aquatic teleosts have... that undergo...

Answer 25

photophores, chemiluminesence

Question 26

amphibians are

Answer 26

aquatic and terrestrial

Question 27

amphibians have skin consisting of three parts:

Answer 27

- stratified epidermis - mucous and serous glands - pigment

Question 28

the earliest amphibians had... like their fish ancestors

Answer 28

dermal bone scales

Question 29

three problems associated with terrestrial environments:

Answer 29

- desiccation - damaging uv light - physical abrasion

Question 30

amphibian skins have... a tough impermeable protein that protects the skin

Answer 30

keratin

Question 31

mucus are produced by... and prevents... facilitates... exchange and makes the body... which...

Answer 31

mucous glands, desiccation, gas, slimy, helps amphibians escape from predators

Question 32

within the dermis, some amphibians have... that secrete... that deterrs predators

Answer 32

poison glands, unpleasant or toxic fluid (alkaloid)

Question 33

some sensory nerves penetrate the epidermis such as the... of toads

Answer 33

warts

Question 34

non-avian reptiles' outer layer of the epidermis also called the... lacks... , and is modified into... scales, scutes, beaks, rattles, claws, plaques, and spiny crests

Answer 34

stratum corneum, glands, keratinized

Question 35

non avian reptiles' skin... or... , which is where old epidermis separates from newly formed epidermis.

Answer 35

shedding or molting

Question 36

avian reptiles have no... glands, the only epidermal glands of birds are... glands

Answer 36

epidermal, uropygial and preen

Question 37

dermis of birds are similar to the structure of reptiles and contains:

Answer 37

- blood and lymphatic vessels - nerves - epidermally derived sensory bodies - and sometimes air spaces

Question 38

air spaces extend into the... and are involved in...

Answer 38

dermis, thermal regulation

Question 39

feather position is important in:

Answer 39

- thermal regulation - flying - behavior

Question 40

aquatic birds have... that store... and help... from cold

Answer 40

fat deposits, energy, insulate

Question 41

notable features of mammalian skin:

Answer 41

- hair - a variety of epidermal glands - a highly stratified, cornified epidermis - a dermis many times thicker than the epidermis

Question 42

the epidermis of mammalian skin is composed of the... (type of tissue)

Answer 42

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 43

as cells progress to the surface, they produce a... and eventually die and become...

Answer 43

waterproofing glycolipid, keratinized

Question 44

keratinized cells are insoluble in... and make up the outer skin layer called the..., they prevent... and defends against...

Answer 44

water, stratum corneum, dehydration, toxic substances and microorganisms

Question 45

the thickest portion of mammalian skin is composed of the... which contains:

Answer 45

dermis - blood vessels - lymphatic vessels - nerve endings - hair follicles - sensory receptors - small muscles - glands

Question 46

underneath the dermis is the... which is different from that of other vertebrate classes in that it consists of three types of tissues:

Answer 46

hypodermis - loose connective tissue - adipose tissue - skeletal muscles

Question 47

... stores energy in the form of fat and provides insulation

Answer 47

adipose tissue

Question 48

... allows the skin above to move independently

Answer 48

skeletal muscle

Question 49

.... thread from the epidermis to the dermis and are absent from the epidermis

Answer 49

blood vessels

Question 50

the ... is the site of may injections you and your pets recieve

Answer 50

hypodermis

Question 51

the skin regulates... by opening and closing sweat pores and perspiring or sweating

Answer 51

body temperature

Question 52

types of skin glands:

Answer 52

- sudoriferous glands (sweat) - sebaceous glands (oil)

Question 53

... glands secrete sweat with a process called... , helps regulate...

Answer 53

sudoriferous, perspiration, body temperature

Question 54

in some mammals, sweat glands also produce

Answer 54

pheromones

Question 55

... glands lubricate and protect using... , a permeable barrier with an emollient (skin-softening) agent, and a protective agent against microorganisms

Answer 55

sebaceous, sebum

Question 56

mammalian skin color is due to...

Answer 56

pigments

Question 57

... is composed of keratin-filled dead cells that develop in the epidermis

Answer 57

hair

Question 58

an ... attaches to the connective tissue of a hair follicle and is responsible for goosebumps

Answer 58

arrector pili muscle

Question 59

... are flat, horny plates on the surface of the digits

Answer 59

nails