Integumentary System Flashcards
(38 cards)
What do the mucus membrane consist of?
Lamina propria, epithelium
What are membranes
Structures that cover the body surface
& consist of epithelium with connective tissues
What are the different types of membranes?
Serous, curtaneous, mucous & synovial membranes
What is the integumentary system?
Largest organ system - barrier against the outside environment
- constantly under attack
What is the connective tissue membrane?
Made of the matrix - encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joint
What does the integumentary system divide into?
The Cutaneous membrane (skin) & Accessory structures (e.g. hair, nails)
What does the dermis divide into?
2 layers = loose connective tissue + dense irregular connective tissue - collagen + elastic fibres
What is Hypodermis?
Subcutaneous tissue - composed of loose areolar and adipose tissue
How is pigmentation formed?
Influenced by several pigments - carotene (precursor to vitamin A)
–> Melanin = produced by melanocyte’s in stratum basale
What is the epidermal layer consist of?
Stratum corneum - surface layer of flat keratinocytes = constantly shed and replaced
Why is the epidermis important?
Epidermis composed of keratinised stratified
squamous epithelium
4-5 layers of keratinocytes
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
- Homeostasis
- Manufacture = synthesis of vitamin D
- Sensation = touch, pressure,
- Excretion = waste
- Protection - prevents dehydration + barrier
People with albinism have a defect in tyrosinase, an oxidase that helps to control skin pigment production. In what epidermal layer is tyrosinase active?
Stratum basale -
Below are graphic representations of some of the cell layers found in the epidermis. Which of the following statements about epidermal layers is true?
Langerhans cells can be found in Layer 2
What is the stratum granulosum?
The epidermis of the nail bed lacks
a stratum granulosum. The eponychium or cuticle is a narrow band of epidermis that extends from and adheres to the margin (lateral border) of the nail wall. It occupies the
proximal border of the nail and consists of stratum corneum
Which structures contain connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves?
Only the reticular dermis and the Papillary dermis
What is the reticular dermis?
The thick bottom layer of the dermis (the inner layer of the skin). The reticular dermis has blood vessels and connective tissue that supports the skin. Hair follicles, oil and sweat glands, and other structures are also found in the reticular dermis.
The phenomenon known as “goosebumps” is often combined with shivering to reduce heat loss. What integumentary layer is most directly related to this reflex?
Reticular dermis
Hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating, especially at the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Which of the following could cause this disorder?
Increased stimulation of the merocrine glands, which produce what most of think of as sweat, can lead to hyperhidrosis.
A second degree burn can result in a loss of sensation, but do not necessarily affect motor control of arrector pili muscles. Which of the following are damaged in a second degree burn?
Meissner’s corpuscles
- Meissner corpuscles consist of a cutaneous nerve ending responsible for transmitting the sensations of fine, discriminative touch and vibration.
Scientists are measuring mechanoreceptor reactions to a variety of stimuli. What stimuli would you expect to generate the following response?
Whether or not a mechanoreceptor requires a continuously changing stimulus depends on the mechanism of sodium entry. A constantly changing light touch on hairy skin would demonstrate the activation pattern see in the figure.
Which of the following allows for an almost instantaneous response to painful stimuli?
The extensive myelination of A-delta fibers, leading to increased conductance
Why does eating jalapeno peppers feel “hot”?
Molecules in the pepper bind the same receptors responsible for thermoregulation
What are keratinocytes?
Keratinocytes produce keratin, a protein that hardens and waterproofs the skin. Mature keratinocytes at the skin surface are dead and filled almost entirely with keratin.
