Integumentary System Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
abrasion
A
a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area
2
Q
abscess
A
a localized collection of pus in any body part that results from invasion of pus-forming bacteria.
3
Q
blister
A
a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a vesicle
4
Q
bulla
A
a large blister.
5
Q
carbuncle
A
a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface.
6
Q
comedo
A
the typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by the accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle.
7
Q
cyst
A
a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid, or solid material.
8
Q
fissure
A
a cracklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane.
9
Q
fistula
A
an abnormal passageway between two tubular organs (such as rectum and vagina) or from an organ to the body surfac.
10
Q
furnucle
A
a localized pus-producing (pyogenic) infection originating deep in a hair follicle, characterized by pain, redness, and swelling; also known as a boil.
11
Q
hives
A
circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin that are paler in the center than its surrounding edges; also called wheal.
12
Q
laceration
A
a tear in the skin; a torn, jagged wound.
13
Q
macule
A
a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed.
14
Q
nodule
A
a small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin; a small node.
15
Q
papule
A
a small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin
16
Q
polyp
A
a small, stalk-like growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk.
17
Q
pressure ulcer
A
an inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body, resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prplonged pressure on the body part. Also known as decubitus ulcer or pressure sore.
18
Q
pustule
A
a small elevation of the skin filled with pus; a small abscess on the skin
19
Q
scales
A
thin flakes of hardened epithelium that are shed from the epidermis
20
Q
ulcer
A
a circumscribed, open sore or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation
21
Q
vesicle
A
a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a blister.
22
Q
wheal
A
a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of he skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges; hives.
23
Q
acne vulgaris
A
a common inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back, and neck; appears as papules, pustules, and comedos; commonly known as acne.
Causes: typically begins during adolescence due to the influence of sex hormones, largely adrogens. They occur as a result of the growth of anaerobic bacteria, which can live without air.
Symptoms: formation of comedos, papules, and pustules on the face, chest, back and neck; increased secretion of sebum as evidenced by greasy skin; hyperkeratosis at the opening of the hair follicle, which blocks the discharge of sebum and promotes the colonization of anaerobic bacteria.
Treatment: Keeping the skin free of excess oil and bacteria through frequent cleansing; avoiding heavy makeup and creams that can clog up the pores; controlling infection with local antibiotics; and decreasing the keratinization (hardening) of the follicles by using keratolytic agents (or retinoic acid)
24
Q
albinism
A
a condition characterized by absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. Individuals with albinism lack the inherited ability to produce brown skin coloring pigment, melanin.
Persons with this inherited disorder: are hypersensitive to light (photophobia); are susceptible to skin cancer; are prone to visual disturbances such as nearsightedness; have ping or very pale blue eyes; must avoid the sun to protect their eyes and skin from burining.
25
First-degree (superficial) burns
tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases.
Symptoms: produce redness and swelling of the epidermis; are painful; and heal spontaneously with peeling in about 3 to 6 days and produce no scar.
Example: a sunburn
26
Second-degree (partial-thickness) burn
tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases.
Symptoms: exhibit a blistering pink to red color and some swelling; involve the epidermis and upper layer of the dermis; are very sensitive and painful; heal in approximately 2 weeks without a scar if no wound infection or trauma occurs during the healing process.
Example:flash contact with hot objects, such as boiling water.
27
Third-degree (full-thickness) burn
tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases.
Symptoms: cause tissue damage according to the duration and temperature of the heat source; involve massive necrosis of the epidermis and entire dermis, and may include part of the subcutaneous tissue or muscle; appear brown, black, tan, white, or deep cherry red (will not blanch) and are wet or dry, sunken, with eschar (dry crust) and coagulated capillaries; produce pain according to the amount of nerve tissue involved (where nerve endings are destroyed, pain will be absent) and will take a long time to heal and will likely require debridement(s) and grafting
28
callus
```
a common (usually painless) thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction, such as weight bearing areas of the feet and on the plamar surface of the hands. This localized hyperplastic area of up to 1 inch in size is also known as a callosity.
Causes: caused by pressure or friction from ill-fitting shoes, deformities of the foot, or improper weight bearing; or by repeated trauma to the skin, such as manual labor.
Treatment: Best treatment is prevention. Also, relieving the pressure or friction points of the skin. Metatarsal pads may also provide relief.
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29
carcinoma, basal cell
a malignant epithelial cell tumor that begins as a slightly elevated nodule with a depression or ulceration in the center that becomes more obvious as the tumor grows.
Most common malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue, occurring most often on the areas of skin exposed to the sun. They rarely metastasize, but they tend to recur - especially those larger than 2 cm.
Treatment: surgical excision, curettage and electrodesiccation, cryosurgery, or radiation therapy.
30
carcinoma, squamous cell
a malignancy of the squamous (or scale-like) cells of the epithelial tissue, which is a much faster growing cancer tan basal cell carcinoma and which has a greater potential for metastasis if not treated.
Seen most frequently on sun-exposed areas such as the: top of the nose, forehead, margin of the external ear, back of the hands and lower lip.
Symptoms: begins as a firm, flesh-colored or red papule, sometimes with a crusted appearance. As it grows it may bleed or ulcerate and become painful. When it recurs it can be quite invasive and create an increased risk of metastasis.
Treatment: surgical excision with the goal of removing the tumor completely, along with a margin of healthy surrounding tissue Cryosurgery for low-risk squamous cell carcinomas is also common.
31
allergic contact dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
Cause: develops by sensitization. When coming in contact with the substance for the first time, no immediate inflammation occurs, but future exposure to this substance will result in severe acute inflammation with pruritic red vesicular oozing lesions at the area of contact. Common causes include plants such as poison oak and poison ivy; drugs; some metals such as copper, silver, mercury, and jewelry; and many industrial cleaners
32
irritant contact dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
occurs following repeated exposure of a mild irritant or initial exposure of a strong irritant. This severe inflammatory reaction is characterized by a fine itchy rash of clearly defined red papules and vesicles. The chronic features of irritant contact dermatitis are dryness and scaling with a dull reddened appearance. Some of the common causes are soaps, detergent, oven cleaners and bleaches.
33
Seborrheic dermatitis
a very common inflammatory condition seen in areas where oil glands are most prevalent, such as the: scalp, area behind the ears, eyebrows, sides of nose, eyelids, and middle of the chest.
The skin affected appears reddened with a greasy, yellowish crusting or scales. If itching occurs, it is usually mild. Most common form is seen in infants from birth to 12 months of age and is called cradle cap It may occur in adults, and it is higher in persons with disorders of the central nervous system, such as Parkinson's disease; recovering from a stressful medical crisis, such as a heart attack, confined for long periods of time in the hospital or a long-term care facility; and with disorders of immune system, such as AIDS.
34
eczema
an acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythea, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs, and accompanied by intense itching.
lesions may occur alone or in any combination, they may be dry or they may produce a watery discharge with resultant itching. long term effects may result in thickening and hardening of the skin, known as lichenification, which is due to irritation caused from repeated scratching of the itchy area with redness and scaling of the skin. Severe itching predisposes the areas to secondary infections and possible invasion by viruses.
No exact cause is known. Inflammatory response is believed to be initiated by histamine release,
No specific treatment to cure, local and systemic medications may be prescribed to prevent itching. It is important to stress daily skin care and avoidance of known irritants.
35
exanthematous viral diseases
a skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infection viral disease. More than 50 known viral agents that can cause them. Most common viral agents cause childhood communicable infections such as: rubella (German measles), rosela infantum, rubeola (measles) and erythema infectiosum (fifth disease).
36
dry gangrene
tissue death due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, and subsequent decay of enzymes (especially proteins), producing an offensive, foul odor.
Seen in an extremity that is dry, cold, and shriveled, and which has a blackening appearance (late complication of diabetes mellitus).
The necrotic tissue must be removed through debridement or amputation to restore healing. Treatment should be aimed at the prevention of gangrene.
37
moist gangrene
follows the cessation of blood flow to tissue after a crushing injury, embolism, tourniquet, or tight bandage. If untreated, it will progress quickly to death.
The necrotic tissue must be removed through debridement or amputation to restore healing. Treatment should be aimed at the prevention of gangrene.
38
herpes zoster (shingles)
an acute viral infection characterized by painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following along the nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves.
Cause: the acute eruption is caused by reactivation of latent varicella virus (the same virus that causes chickenpox).
Symptoms: severe pain before and during eruption, fever, itching, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, general tiredness, and increased sensitivity of the skin around the area.
Lesions take 3-5 days to erupt and then progress to crusting and drying (with recovery in approximately three weeks).
Treatment involves the use of antiviral medications, analgesics, and some corticosteroids (which aid in decreasing the severity of symptoms)
39
hyperkeratosis
an overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis.
Cause: occurs when the keratinocyte moves from the basal cell to the stratum corneum in 7 days instead of the normal 14 days, resulting in the formation of thick, flaky scales, along with excess growth of the cornified layer of epithelium. This process occurs in psoriasis and in the formation of calluses and corns.
40
impetigo
contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustule filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face. It progresses to pruritic erosions and crusts with a honey-colored appearance. The discharge from the lesions allows the infection to be highly contagious.
Treatment: cleaning lesions with antibacterial soap and water, using individual washcloths; administration of oral and topical antibiotics; Burrow's solution compresses; and good handwashing.
It is important to instruct the individual to complete the entire regime of systemic antibiotics to prevent the possibility of complications due to secondary infections such as acute glomerulonephritis and/or rheumatic fever.
41
Kaposi's sarcoma
vascular malignant lesions that begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the face and oral cavity but can occur anywhere on the body and gradually spread throughout the skin.
This systemic disease also involves the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. Occurs most often in med and there is an increased incidence in men infected with AIDS. Also associated with diabetes and malignant lymphoma.
Treatments: Radiotherapy and chemotherapy usual recommended. Also cryosurgery or laser surgery.
42
keloid
an enlarged, irregularly shaped, and elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during the formation of the scar.
43
keratosis
skin condition in which there is a thickening and overgrowth of the cornified epithelium.
44
seborrheic keratosis
appears as brown or waxy yellow wartlike lesion(s), 5 to 20 mm in diameter, loosely attached to the skin surface.
Also known as senile warts.
45
actinic keratosis
a premalignant, gray or red-to-brown, hardened lesion caused by excessive exposure to sunlight. Also called solar keratosis.
46
leukoplakia
white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to the mucous membrane in areas such as the mouth, vulva, or penis.
Oral leukoplakia varies i size and occurs gradually over a period of several weeks. It begins without symptoms, but eventually develops sensitivity to hot or highly seasoned foods
Caused varies from irritating tobacco smoke to friction caused by a rough tooth or dentures. a biopsy should be performed when it persists for more than 2-3 weeks because approx. 3% develop into cancerous lesions.
47
malignant melanoma
malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi, freckles, or skin with pigment; darkly pigmented cancerous tumor.
These tumors have irregular surfaces and borders, have variable colors and are generally located on the trunk in med and on the legs in women. Most are more than 6mm. Around the primary lesion, small satellite lesions 1 - 2 cm in diameter are often noted.
ABCDs of malignant melanoma: Asymmetry - any pigmented lesion that has flat and elevated parts should be considered potentially malignant
Borders - any leakage across the borders of brown pigment or margins irregularly shaped are suspicious
Color - variations whether red, black, dark brown, or pale are suspicious
Diameter - any lesions with the preceding characteristics measuring more than 6 mm in diameter should be removed.
Treatment: surgical removal and, for distant metastases, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The depth of surgical dissection and the prognosis depends on the staging classification of the tumor.
48
nevus (mole)
a visual accumulation of melanocytes, creating flat or raised rounded macule or papule with definite borders.
Nevi should be monitored for changes in size, color, thickness, itching, or bleeding. When any changes are noted, immediate professional assessment should be sought because of the potential for developing malignant melanoma
49
onychocryptosis
ingrown nail. The nail pierces the lateral fold of skin and grows into the dermis, causing swelling and pain. Most commonly involve the large toe
50
onychomcosis
a fungal infection of the nails. The nail becomes opaque, white, thickened, and friable (easily broken).
51
pediculosis
a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by blood-sucking lice.
May occur on any of the following parts of the body: Head (pediculosis capitis), body (pediculosis corporis), eyelashes and eyelids (pediculosis palebrarum), and pubic hair (pediculosis pubis).
Symptoms: a rash or wheals, intense pruritus, and the presence of louse eggs (nits) on the skin, hair shafts, or clothing. When nits are present on the hair shaft, they appear as tiny silvery-gray beads that cling to the hair strand. When thumping the hair strand, the nit will not all from the strand (as would dandruff). Pediculosis can be spread directly through close physical contact or indirectly through articles of clothing, brushes, bed linens and towels.
Treatment includes use of special shampoo followed by removal of the nits with a fine-tooth comb. Treatment must be repeated weekly until nits are no longer present. Lice on the eyelid and lashes require a special ophthalmic ointment. Due to intense itching, secondary infections can be a concern requiring antibiotic treatment.
52
pemphigus
a rare incurable disorder manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin which spread to involve large areas of the body, including the chest, face, umbilicus, back and groin. Painful blisters ooze, form crusts, and put off a musty odor. The serious risk is the secondary infection with the large areas of skin involved. Treatment involves administration of drugs, prevention of excess fluid loss, and prevention of infection.
53
pilonidal cyst
a closed sac located in the sacrococcygeal are of the back, sometimes noted at birth as a dimple.
Cyst causes no symptoms unless it becomes acutely infected. When the pilonidal cyst is infected, an incision and drainage are indicated, followed by removal of the cyst or sac
54
psoriasis
a common, noninfectious, chronic disorder of the skin manifested by silvery-white scales covering round, raised reddened plaques producing itching (pruritus). The process of hyperkeratosis produces various-sized lesions occurring mainly on the scalp, ears, extensor surfaces of the extremities, boy prominences and perianal and genital areas.
There is no cure for psoriasis. Treatment includes topical application of various medications, phototherapy, and ultraviolet light therapy in an attempt to slow hyperkeratosis.
55
rosacea
a chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the skin of the middle third of the face. The individual has persistent redness over the areas of the face, nose, and cheeks.
Cause: the small blood vessels of the cheeks enlarge and become visible through the skin, appearing as tiny red lines (known as telangiectasia). Pimples may also be present with rosacea, resembling teenage acne.
Occurs most often in adults between the ages of 30 to 50, especially those with fair skin. It may be mistaken for rosy cheeks, sunburn, or acne. It differs from acne in that no blackheads or whiteheads are present.
Treatment is directed at controlling symptoms. May be advised to avoid situations that could trigger blushing or flushing of the skin, since this is though to aggravate rosacea. Treatment may also involve both oral and topical antibiotics; are advised to use mild facial cleaners and moisturizers and sunscreen.
No cure for rosacea, but it can be controlled with proper regular treatment
56
scabies
a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the "human itch mite", resulting in a rash, pruritus, and slightly raised thread-like skin lines. Seen most frequently on the genital area, armpits, waistline, hands, and breasts. Can be spread through close physical contact or indirectly through articles of clothing, brushes, bed linens, and towels.
Treatment includes: use of special sulfur preparations, shampoos, and topical ointments. Due to the intense itching secondary infections can be a concern requiring antibiotic treatment.
57
scleroderma
a gradual thickening of the dermis and swelling of the hands and feet to a state in which the skin is anchored to the underlying tissue.
Severity varies from mild localized form only affecting the skin (seen in persons in the 30 to 50 age group) to a generalized form known as progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS) with progressive systemic involvement (persons die from pulmonary, cardiac, GI, renal, or pulmonary involvement.
No cure is available, so treatment is aimed at decreasing symptoms and treating the involved system with medications appropriate to the dysfunction. Physiotherapy may be recommended for some patient to restore and maintain musculoskeletal function as much as possible.
58
systemic lupus erythematosus
a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems, and vasculitis. A red rash known as the "butterfly rash" is often seen on the nose and face.
Skin lesions may also spread to the mucous membranes or other tissues. Pain and swelling of the joints (along with weakness, weight loss, and fatigue) are symptoms. Treatment consists of the use of the systemic steroids, topical steroids on skin lesions, salicylates or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) to relieve joint pain and swelling, and protection from sunlight.
59
tinea capitis
a chronic fungal infection of the skin, characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions.
Ringworm of the scalp.
Infection may lead to hair loss. Symptoms: small, round, elevated patches, severe itching and scaling of the scalp. Treatment with topical antifungal agents is sufficient for clearing the condition.
60
tinea corporis
ringworm of the body is characterized by round patches with elevated red borders of pustles, papules, or vesicles that affect the nonhairy skin of the body. The lesion actually loos like a circle and is raised. Most common in hot, humid climates and in rural areas. It can be spread through skin contact with an infected person or skin contact with an infected domestic animal, especially cats.
61
tinea cruris
ringworm of the groin; also known as jock itch.
This type of ringworm occurs more commonly in adult males. It is characterized by red, raised, vesicular patches in the groin area that are accompanied by pruritus. More likely to occur in the hot, humid, summer months and is aggravated by heat, physical activity, tight-fitting clothes, and perspiration Topical antifungal agents are recommended for treatment.
62
tinea pedis
ringworm of the foot; also known as athlete's foot. It affects the space between the toes and the soles of the feet, with lesions varying from dry and peeling to draining painful fissures with a foul odor and pruritis. Adults are most susceptible.
Drying feet well after bathing and applying powder between the toes will keep the moisture from building up and help to prevent the recurrence of the fungal infection.
Treatment with topical antifungal agents is helpful in clearing the condition, although recurrence is common.
Treatment for all types of tinea that resist topical antifungal agents includes the administration of oral antifungal medications that act systemically. If this becomes necessary, the drug of choice is griseofulvin.
63
wart (verruca)
a benign, circumscribed, elevated skin lesion that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis; caused by the human papilloma virus. Virus can be spread by touch or contact with skin shed from a wart. They may occur alone or in clusters.
64
verruca vulgaris (common wart)
The common wart (verruca vulgaris) often occurs on the face, elbow, fingers, or hands. These are seen largely in children and young adults
65
Plantar warts
occur either singly or in clusters on the sole of the foot. These warts can be painful, causing individuals to feel as if they have a stone in their shoe. They occur primarily at points of pressure, such as over the metatarsal heads and the heel of the foot.
66
Condyloma acuminata (venereal warts)
transmitted via sexual contact and are found on the female genitalia, the penis, or the rectum. These warts develop near the mucous membrane/skin junctures on the prepuce of the penis or on the female vulva. The growths appear as small, soft, moist, pinkish or purplish projections that appear singly or in clusters.
67
seborrheic warts (or seborrheic keratoses)
seen in elderly population. These are benign, circumscribed, slightly raised lesions that occur on the face, neck, chest, r upper back and are often accompanied by itching. The lesions range from yellowish-tan to dark brown and are covered with either a greasy scale or a rough, dry scale depending on the location. Treatment for seborrheic warts includes curettage, cryotherapy, or electrodesiccation in conjunction with local anesthetic.
68
allergy testing
various procedures used to identify specific allergens in an individual by exposing the person to a very small quantity of the allergen.
The intradermal, patch, and scratch tests are among the most common allergy tests used.
ImmunoCAP Allergy Blood Test is a more advanced way of testing for allergies. A blood sample is sent to a lab and they look for IgE antibodies present in the patient's blood for each specific allergen.
69
cautery
heat or caustic substances that burn and scar the skin (coagulation of tissue)
70
cryosurgery
a noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperatures to freeze and destroy the tissue.
71
curettage and electrodesiccation
a combination procedure of curettage that involves scraping away abnormal tissue and electrodesiccation, which involves destroying the tumor base with a low-voltage electrode.
Good cosmetic results and preservation of normal tissue have been noted as advantages of curettage and electrodesiccation. Disadvantages are that healing time is longer and it is very difficult to confirm that all tumor margins have been excised.
72
debridement
removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing. This may be a surgical or medical procedure. When debriding a burn, it may be done along with hydrotherapy.
73
dermabrasion
removal of the epidermis and a portion of the dermis with sandpaper or brushes to eliminate superficial scars or unwanted tatoos. A chemical is used to cause light freezing of the skin prior to the use of the brushes and sandpaper.
74
dermatoplsty
skin transplantation to a body surface damaged by injury or disease.
75
electrodesiccation
a technique using an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used primarily for the removal of surface lesions. It involves the destruction of tissue by burning it with an electrical spark upon contact. The spark desiccates (dries) the tissue by dehydration. Although it is used primarily for removing small surface lesions, it may also be used to eliminate abnormal tissue deeper in the skin using a local anesthetic; also known as fulguration.
76
electrosurgery
the removal or destruction of tissue with an electrical current. The variety of electrosurgies include:
electrodesiccation, which is destruction of superficial tissue
electrocoagulation, which is destruction of deeper tissue
electrosection, which is cutting through skin and tissue.
77
escharotomy
an incision made into the necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn. This scab (or dry crust) that forms after a severe full-thickness burn is known as an eschar. Removal of this necrotic tissue is necessary to prevent a wound infection of the burn site.
The eschar is incised with a scalpel or by electrocautery for relief of tightness in the affected area. This sterile surgical incision allows for expansion of tissue created by the edema and aids in promoting blood flow to the area and preventing gangrene.
78
fulguration
a technique using an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used primarily for the removal of surface lesions. It involves the destruction of tissue by burning it with an electrical spark upon contact. The spark desiccates (dries) the tissue by dehydration. Although it is used primarily for removing small surface lesions, it may also be used to eliminate abnormal tissue deeper in the skin using a local anesthetic; also known as electrodesiccation
79
liposuction
aspiration of fat through a suction cannula or curette to alter the body contours. It is usually done on younger persons because of the elasticity of their skin. A pressure dressing is applied after the procedure to aid the skin in adapting to the new tissue size.
80
excisional biopsy
removal of the complete tumor or lesion for analysis
81
incisional biopsy
a portion of the lesion is removed with a scalpel
82
punch biopsy
removal of a small specimen of tissue in the "cookie cutter" fashion
83
shave biopsy
uses a scalpel or a razor blade to shave lesions elevated above the skin.
84
skin graft
a process of placing tissue on a recipient site taken from a donor site, to provide the protective mechanisms of skin to an area unable to regenerate skin (as in third-degree burns). Skin grafting is successful when the base of the wound aids the door tissue in developing a new blood supply and is found to be effective in wounds that are free from infection; that have a good blood supply; and in which bleeding can be controlled.
85
autografting
the donor tissue comes from the person receiving the graft (transplanting tissue from one part of the body to another location in the same individual)
86
homografting or allografting
the donor tissue is harvested from a cadaver
87
heterograft or xenograft
which the donor tissue is obtained from an animal
88
Wood's lamp
an ultraviolet light used to examining the scalp and skin for the purpose of observing fungal spores. The light causes the hairs infected with a fungus to appear as a bright fluorescent blue-green color; also called Wood's light, black light, or Wood's rays. The procedure is performed in a darkened room, and the light beam is focused on the affected area. If the fungal spores are present, they will appear brilliantly fluorescent (as described)
