Integumentary System

Question 1

Keratin

Answer 1

Hard protein material that fills … after the new born cells from the nasal layer rise up to the stratum corneum layer where they die off and are filled.

Question 2

Melanocytes

Answer 2

Special cells in the Basel layer of the integumentary system

Question 3

Melanin

Answer 3

A black pigment produced by melanocytes.

Question 4

Albino

Answer 4

An individual who cannot produce melanin and has a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin.

Question 5

Epidermis

Answer 5

The outer layer of the skin that’s relatively thin but it’s thickest on the Palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Question 6

Dermis

Answer 6

The second layer of the skin also called corium; lies beneath the epidermis

Question 7

Sebaceous

Answer 7

Oil glands located in the dermis layer of the integumentary system

Question 8

Sudoriferous

Answer 8

Sweat glands located in the dermis layer of the integumentary system

Question 9

Subcutaneous layer

Answer 9

Also called hypodermis, is the layer of skin beneath the dermis which it binds to underlying structures.

Question 10

Axillae

Answer 10

Armpits

Question 11

Hair shaft

Answer 11

The visible part of the hair

Question 12

Hair follicle

Answer 12

The root of the hair together with its coverings

Question 13

Papilla

Answer 13

bottom of the hair follicle where there’s a loop of capillaries enclosed in a covering

Question 14

Nail root

Answer 14

Composed of keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelial cells producing a very tough covering.

Question 15

Nail bed

Answer 15

As the nail grows, it stays attached to the nail root and slides forward over the layer of epithelium

Question 16

Lunula

Answer 16

The half-moon-shapes area at the base of the nail is the region where new growth occurs.

Question 17

Dermatology

Answer 17

Is the medical specialty concerned with diseases that directly affect the skin and systemic diseases that manifest their effects on the skin.

Question 18

Dermatologist

Answer 18

The physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases

Question 19

Lesions

Answer 19

Areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection.

Question 20

Localized

Answer 20

An area of definite size

Question 21

Systemic

Answer 21

Widely spread throughout the body

Question 22

First-degree (superficial) burns

Answer 22

The least serious type of burn because they injure only the top layers of the skin (epidermis).

Question 23

Thermal burn

Answer 23

Contact with dry or moist heat

Question 24

Sunburn

Answer 24

Spending too much time in the sun

Question 25

Chemical burn

Answer 25

Exposure of chemicals

Question 26

Erythema

Answer 26

Skin redness

Question 27

Second-degree (partial thickness) burns

Answer 27

Deep burns that damage the epidermis and part of the dermis. May be caused by contact with flames, hot liquids, or chemicals/

Question 28

Vesicles/ bullae

Answer 28

Fluid-filled blisters

Question 29

Third-degree (full-thickness) burns

Answer 29

The epidermis and dermis are destroyed and some of the underlying connective tissue (bones, muscles, tendons) is damaged, leaving the skin waxy and charred with insensitivity to touch. May be cause by corrosive chemicals, flames, electricity, or extremely hot objects; immersion of the body in extremely hot water; or clothing that catches fire.

Question 30

Dermatoplasty

Answer 30

Skin grafting (reconstruction of skin)

Question 31

Neoplasms

Answer 31

are abnormal growths of new tissue that are classified as benign or malignant.

Question 32

Benign neoplasms

Answer 32

Are noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue in which they are growing.

Question 33

Malignant neoplasms (cancer)

Answer 33

Also called cancer Are composed of cells that tend to become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body (metastasis)

Question 34

Immunotherapy (biotherapy)

Answer 34

Also called biotherapy Is a newer treatment that stimulates the body’s own immune defenses to fight tumor cells.

Question 35

Combined modality treatment

Answer 35

Is a combination of cancer treatments used on a patient

Question 36

Tumor grade 1

Answer 36

Tumor cells week differentiated Close resemblance to tissue of origin and thus retaining some specialized functions

Question 37

Tumor grade 2

Answer 37

Tumor cells moderately or poorly differentiated Less resemblance to tissue of origin More variation in size and shape of tumor cells Increased mitoses

Question 38

Tumor grading 3 Tumor cells poorly differentiated Tumor grading 4 Tumor cells are very poorly differentiated

Answer 38

Increased abnormality in appearance with only one remote resemblance to the tissue of origin Marked variation in shape and size of tumor cells Greatly increase mitoses Abnormal appearance to the extent that recognition of the tumors tissue origin is difficult Extreme variation in size and shape of tumor cells

Question 39

Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system

Answer 39

Most common system for staging tumors. Classified solid tumors by size and degree of spread according to 3 basic criteria: 1. T- size and invasiveness of the primary tumor 2. N- area lymph nodes involved 3. M- invasiveness (metastasis) of the primary tumor

Question 40

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 40

The most common type of skin cancer, is a malignancy of the basal layer of the epidermis, or hair follicles. Typically cause by overexposure to sunlight. Tumors are locally invasive but rarely metastasize

Question 41

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 41

Arises from skin that undergoes pathological hardening (keratinizing) of epidermal cells. It is an invasive tumor with potential for metastasis and occurs most commonly in fair-skinned white men over the age of 60.

Question 42

Carcinogens

Answer 42

Cancer-causing agents

Question 43

in situ

Answer 43

A type of squamous cell carcinoma. Confined to the original site

Question 44

Invasive

Answer 44

Type of squamous cell carcinoma. Penetrate the surrounding tissue

Question 45

Malignant melanoma

Answer 45

Malignant growth of melanocytes It’s a highly metastatic tumor with a higher mortality rate than basal or squamous cell carcinomas.