- can be found on the surfaces of the palms, palmar surfaces of the digits, soles, and plantar surfaces of the toes - produced during the third month of fetal development - follow the contours of the dermal papillae - part of the papillary region of the dermis

- found on most of body except palms and soles. - contain small muscle (arrector pili muscle) causing goose bumps

Integumentary Test 1 Flashcards by Chrissy MacD

What is the integumentary system made up of?

(AKA Cutaneous Membrane)

Skin
Hair, 
Oil/Sweat glands
Nails
Sensory receptors

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2 main parts of skin

Epidermis: is avascular
Dermis: is vascular (has blood vessels)

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Skin size

Largest organ of the body. on average covers a surface of 2 meters squared

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Functions of skin

Protects body from external environment
• Thermoregulation
• Excretes and absorbs substances
• Stores blood (around 8-10%)
• Detects cutaneous sensations
• Synthesizes vitamin D (10-15 minutes of sun to begin)

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Skin layers

Epidermis *superficial layer

Dermis: Deep layer

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Epidermis cells Types

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Macrophages
Tactile epithelial cells

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Types of skin

Thin and Thick

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Components of thick skin

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

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Components of thin skin

Stratum basale:
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum:

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Present in thick skin but not thin

Stratum lucidum

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Dermis characteristics

Second, deeper part of the skin
o Composed of mainly collagen fibers and some elastic fibers
o Contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
o Divided in 2 regions (pappillary and reticular)

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Papillary Region

-part of dermis
Make up 1/5 the thickness
• Contain tactile corpuscles (Meissner corpuscles

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Reticular region characteristics

Makes up 4/5 of the thickness of the dermis
• Combination of collagen and elastic fibers here gives skin the ability to
stretch (extensibility) and recoil (elasticity)
• Contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and
sudoriferous glands

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Epidermal ridges

can be found on the surfaces of the palms, palmar surfaces of the digits, soles, and plantar surfaces of the toes
produced during the third month of fetal development
follow the contours of the dermal papillae
part of the papillary region of the dermis

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Accessory structures of the skin

hair
skin glands
nails

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Hair (define)

found on most of body except palms and soles.

- contain small muscle (arrector pili muscle) causing goose bumps

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Arrector Pili Muscle

cause hair to stand up/goosebumps

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Skin glands (define)

Are epithelial cells that secrete a substance (ie sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, ceruminous glands)

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Sebaceous glands

Produce oils

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Sudoriferous glands

produce sweat (ie eccrine glands and apocrine glands)

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Eccrine glands

Type of sweat gland: (most numerous) are found in most regions of
the body, found most regions of the body, especially the
forehead, palms and soles.

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Apocrine gland

Type of sweat gland:have larger ducts and lumens and are mainly
found in the armpits, groin, areola of the breast and bearded
area of the face in adult males.

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Ceruminous glands

modified sweat glands found in the ear and produce

cerumen (earwax)

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Nails

Study These Flashcards

plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells

Nail Body

visible part of the nail

Free edge (nail)

part of the nail plate that may extend past the distal end of the finger

Nail root

portion of the nail that is buried in a fold of skin

Nail functions

Protect fingertips Provide support and counterpressure to the fingers Allow to hold/manipulate small objects Used to scratch and groom

Deep wound healing

4 phases: inflammatory, migratory, proliferation, maturation

Inflammatory phase

(deep wound healing phase #1) | Blood clot forms and loosely unites the wound edges (inflammation is involved)

Migratory phase

(deep wound healing phase #2) Clot becomes a scab Epidermal cells migrate beneath the scab to fix the wound

Proliferation phase

(deep wound healing phase #3) Extensive growth of epithelial cells under the scab Formation of collagen fibers in random patterns Continued growth of blood vessels

Maturation phase

(deep wound healing phase) The scab falls off once the skin has been restored

Fibrosis

process of scar tissue formation

Hypertrophic scar

scar tissue remains within the boundaries of the wound

Keloid scar

scar extends beyond the boundaries of the wound to the surrounding tissues

Age on skin

it gets thinner

Tinea

fungal infection (corporis, capitis, pedis, unguium, versicolor

Tinea corporis

fungal infection of the body better known as Ringworm

Tinea Capitis

fungal infection of the scalp

Tinea Pedis

Fungal infection of the foot (Athlete’s foot)

Tinea Unguium

fungal infection of the nail

Tinea Versicolor

Fungal infection that creates patches of yellow, pink or brown scaling

Acne

inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit of sebaceous glands

Psoriasis

- common/chronic skin disorder - keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum - shed prematurely (7 to 10 days) - immature keratinocytes make an abnormal keratin, which forms flaky, silvery scales at the skin surface (knees, elbows, scalp)

Pruritis

Sensation of itch

Vitiligo

partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin that produce irregular white spots.

Impetigo

bacterial infection

Herpes Zoster

Characterized by lesions that are restricted to skin areas supplied by a single dorsal root ganglia

Stratum basale

is the deepest layer | o Also known as Stratum germinativum

Stratum spinosum

(Layer #2 from bottom of thick AND thin skin) Consists numerous keratinocytes arranged in 8-10 layers

Stratum granulosum

(Layer #3 from the bottom for thick AND thin skin) Consists of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death) Creates keratin Creates the waterproof seal

Stratum lucidum

(Layer #4 from the bottom for thick skin) thick skin ONLY Only present in palms and soles of the hands and feet

Stratum corneum

(LAST or top layer for thick and thin skin) 25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes

Keratinocytes

the most numerous (85%) and produce keratin that makes | skin tough and waterproof

Melanocytes

(8%) produce melanin which contributes to skin color

Macrophages

(Langerhans cells) participate in immune response

Tactile epithelial cells

(Merkel cells) are the least numerous and detect touch

Integumentary Test 1 Flashcards

(58 cards)