Integunentary System (skin)

Question 1

epitheal membranes are:

Answer 1

cutaneous, mucous, and serous

Question 2

connective tissue membranes are:

Answer 2

synovial

Question 3

cutaneous membrane:

Answer 3

is dry and the outermost protective boundary.
composed of flat cells made with keratin (keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)

Question 4

mucous membranes:

Answer 4

they line body cavities that are open to the outside. (mouth and esophagus)
protects against friction.

Question 5

serous membranes:

Answer 5

acts as lube for organs.
lines body cavities inside of the body.
occurs in pairs 1) visceral layer that covers the outside organ 2) parietal layer that lines a portion of the ventral wall.

Question 6

synovial membrane:

Answer 6

lines capsules surrounding joints.
secretes a lubricating fluid.

Question 7

layers of the epidermis:

Answer 7

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale.

Question 8

stratum basale/germinativum:

Answer 8

deepest layer of the epidermis and lies on top of the dermis.
composed of cells undergoing mitosis.
region where melanocytes are most likely to be found.

Question 9

stratum corneum:

Answer 9

outermost layer of epidermis.
composed of dead cells filled with keratin (a protective protein to prevent water loss from skin).
accounts for most of the epidermis.

Question 10

dermis:

Answer 10

is dense connective tissue under the epidermis.
made up of 1) papillary layer which is the upper region 2) reticular layer which is the deepest filled with blood vessels, sweat oils, and glands.

Question 11

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Answer 11

deep to the dermis but not apart of the skin.
anchors the skin to underlying organs.
composed of mostly adipose (fat) tissue.

Question 12

melanin:

Answer 12

a pigment produced by melanocytes, which are mostly in the stratum basale layer of the epidermis.
the amount an individual has depends on genetics and sunlight.

Question 13

sebaceous glands:

Answer 13

they produce oils and are activated during puberty.

Question 14

sweat glands:

Answer 14

produce sweat and are widely distributed in the skin.
there are two types 1) eccrine which open on the skin 2) apocrine which empties into the follicle

Question 15

skin cancer

Answer 15

abnormal cell mass.
1) benign which does not spread
2) malignant which does spread
skin cancer = most common type

Question 16

basal cell carcinoma:

Answer 16

least malignant and most common.
arises from the stratum basale (deepest layer of the epidermis)

Question 17

squamous cell carcinoma:

Answer 17

believed to be sun-induced
arises from the stratum spinosum

Question 18

malignant melanoma:

Answer 18

most deadly.
moves rapidly.
cancer of melanocytes.

Question 19

acne:

Answer 19

an active infection of the sebaceous gland accompanied by pimples on the skin.
sebaceous gland release oil onto the skin.

Question 20

cold sores:

Answer 20

a herpes simplex virus

Question 21

psoriasis:

Answer 21

overproduction of cells causing dry silver scales

Question 22

seborrhea:

Answer 22

over activity of sebaceous glands that result in dandruff

Question 23

impetigo:

Answer 23

bacterial infection near the mouth

Question 24

burns:

Answer 24

1st and 2nd degree burns are partial thickness burns.
1st- burns the epidermis and has redness and swelling and some pain
2nd- involve injury to the epidermis and upper region of the dermis. has redness, blisters, and pain.
3rd- a full thickness burn destroying the entire thickness of the skin. appears white, grey, or black. area is not painful since nerve endings are destroyed.

Question 25

vernix caseosa:

Answer 25

a cheesy substance made by the sebaceous glands covering the skin. this substance helps protect the fetus skin in utero

Question 26

hair follicle:

Answer 26

structure that houses the hair

Question 27

arrector pili:

Answer 27

a specialized structural muscle that responds to environmental stimuli.
causes goosebumps by pulling the hair follicle.