Intellectual Development

Question 1

What are the 5 important aspects associated with intellectual development?

Answer 1

Language development
Problem-solving 
Memory
Moral development 
Abstract thoughts and creative thinking

Question 2

What is language development?

Answer 2

Language development is essential for organizing thoughts and to share express ideas. It is also important for clarification

Question 3

What is problem-solving?

Answer 3

Problem-solving is an important skill that is required both to work things out and to make predictions about what might happen

Question 4

What is memory?

Answer 4

Memory is required for storing, recalling, and retrieving information

Question 5

What is moral development?

Answer 5

Moral development allows for reasoning and making choices, and informs an individual how to act in particular situations and how to act towards self and others

Question 6

What are abstract thoughts and creative thinking?

Answer 6

Abstract thoughts and creative thinking are essential for thinking and discussing situations and events that cannot be observed

Question 7

What is the intellectual development for infancy and early childhood?

Answer 7

Stages of rapid intellectual development

Question 8

What is the intellectual development for adolescence and early adulthood?

Answer 8

Development of logical thought, problem-solving and memory recall skills

Question 9

What is the intellectual development for middle adulthood?

Answer 9

Can think through problems and make sound judgements using life experiences

Question 10

What is the intellectual development for later adulthood?

Answer 10

Changes in the brain can cause short-term memory decline and slower thought processes and reaction times

Question 11

What are the intellectual millstones from birth?

Answer 11

Can use all their senses to help understand the world around them

Question 12

What are the intellectual millstones at 3 years?

Answer 12

Can ask questions, counts, recognise colours and sort objects

Question 13

What are the intellectual millstones at 5 years?

Answer 13

Starting to read and write and draw in detail, can talk about the past and future

Question 14

What are the intellectual millstones at 8 years?

Answer 14

Can think more deeply, reason, talk about abstract ideas and plan

Question 15

What are the stages of language development at around 3 months old?

Answer 15

Infants begin to make babbling noises as they learn to control the muscles associated with speech

Question 16

What are the stages of language development at around 12 months old?

Answer 16

Infants begin to imitate sounds made by carers such as ‘da da’. This develops into using single words

Question 17

What are the stages of language development at around 2 years old?

Answer 17

Infants begin to make two-way sentences, such as ‘cat goed’(meaning the cat has gone away). The infant begins to build their vocabulary(knowledge of words)

Question 18

What are the stages of language development at around 3 years old?

Answer 18

Children begin to make simple sentences, such as ‘i want drink’. This develops into the ability to ask questions, ‘when we go?’. Knowledge of words (vocabulary) grows very rapidly

Question 19

What are the stages of language development at around 4 years old?

Answer 19

Children begin to use clear sentences that can be understood by strangers. Children can be expected to make some mistakes with grammar, ‘we met lots of people at the shops today’

Question 20

What are the stages of language development at 5 years old?

Answer 20

Children can speak using full adult grammar. Although vocabulary will continue to grow and formal grammar will continue to improve, most children can be expected to use language effectively by the age of 5

Question 21

What are ways that language development can be promoted in infants?

Answer 21

• Blow bubbles
• Play with puppets
• Watch and listen to other children
• Join in with action rhymes and songs
• Look at picture books

Question 22

What are ways that language development can be promoted in young children?

Answer 22

• Take part in circle time
• Take part in group activities
• Imaginary play in ‘home corner’
• Share stories and rhymes
• Play word games and riddles

Question 23

What are ways that language development can be promoted in adolescents?

Answer 23

• Read a wide range of books and journals
• Take part in group projects
• Discuss ideas
• Plan and deliver presentations

Question 24

What are the intellectual impacts of puberty?

Answer 24

• Morals change
• Become more curious
• Learn to deal with the changes in their body
• Learns to use sanitary products
• Learn finances and other essential needs
• May lack stimulation
• May start employment

Question 25

What is object permanence?

Answer 25

The idea that an object still exists, even if the child cannot see it

Question 26

What is abstract logical thinking?

Answer 26

The ability to solve problems using imagination without having to be involved practically. This is an advanced form of thinking which does not always need context to take place

Question 27

What is egocentric thinking/egocentrism?

Answer 27

Not being able to see a situation from another person's point of view. Piaget believes a young child assumes that other people see, hear and feel exactly the same as the child does

Question 28

What is concrete logical thinking?

Answer 28

The ability to solve problems providing the individual can see or physically handle the issues involved

Question 29

What is conservation?

Answer 29

The theory of conservation means that something's appearance might change but the quantity will stay the same

Question 30

What age range is the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 30

0-2yrs

Question 31

What occurs in this stage?

Answer 31

- Interact with the world using senses - They learn through trial and error - Babies do not have ways of remembering these things until about 18 months - Object permanence develops at about 8 months, so they will continue to look for a hidden object, as they know it still exists

Question 32

What activities could be used to promote this development?

Answer 32

- Get the children to play with toys that make noises/squeak - Playing 'peekaboo' with the child

Question 33

What age range is the preoperational stage?

Answer 33

2-7yrs

Question 34

What occurs in this stage?

Answer 34

- Development of language - Make-believe play takes place - Do not understand how to conserve- quantity stays the same but the shape changes - Child's thinking is egocentric so they only see the world from their point of view - Parallel play- they rather play next to other children than with them

Question 35

What activities could be used to promote this development?

Answer 35

- Play dress up or house (so they have to use their imagination and make sense of the world) - Play with toys that change shape (so they begin to understand how to conserve)

Question 36

What is the age range for the concrete operational stage?

Answer 36

7-11yrs

Question 37

What occurs in this stage?

Answer 37

- Children develop the ability to conserve - Children are less egocentric - They have a better understanding of logic and problem solving if they can see or physically handle the problem, however they may find it difficult to imagine the solution(concrete logical thinking)

Question 38

What activities could be used to promote this development?

Answer 38

- Simple experiments to give them a chance to manipulate objects and test ideas - Give the concrete apparatus like counters to solve problems - read books with a limited number of characters - Group work

Question 39

What is the age range for the formal operational stage?

Answer 39

11-18yrs

Question 40

What occurs in this stage?

Answer 40

Have developed abstract logical thinking, which means they are able to think through complicated ideas in their heads without having to see a concrete image

Question 41

What activities could be used to promote this development?

Answer 41

- Teach broad concepts rather than just faces (e.g. poetry) | - Ask them to write short stories on hypothetical topics (e.g. living in outer space)

Question 42

Which research task was conducted to test egocentrism?

Answer 42

The mountains task- when a child gets asked to list everything they can see for 2 sides of a mountain terrain toy and then asked what can the other person see- the child lists what they can see

Question 43

What are schemas?

Answer 43

Schemas are a category of knowledge and a process of gaining knowledge(little pockets of information)

Question 44

What are the 3 stages of schemas?

Answer 44

Equilibrium- Has knowledge of the world around them Disequilibrium- When new information is presented Equilibrium- Schemas have changed and new information is accepted

Question 45

What are the strengths of Piaget?

Answer 45

- Piaget's work has influenced early education i.e. the existence of 'discover play' - Considers nature and nurture- Piaget takes all explanations of learning into consideration - Whatever the criticisms, Piaget's ideas have stimulated much further research which has increased our knowledge of children's cognitive development, and influenced teaching methods

Question 46

What are the weaknesses of Piaget?

Answer 46

- Piaget based his whole theory on observations on a small number of children, so it is difficult to say ALL children will go through these stages (small sample) - The stages of intellectual may be more fluid than he thought and either underestimated or overestimated children's cognitive abilities. For example, watching 5-year-olds play often shows that they do understand other people's feelings and are less egocentric than Piaget suggests. - Burner disagrees with Piaget's fixed stages and believes that with adult support, children can be helped to progress to higher-level thinking skills. He believes that an individual's ability to use logical thinking skills may depend on the amount of encouragement they have received to think logically - Some research suggests that children take longer than 11 years to become skilled at abstract logical thinking. Cognitive development might not be a part of the maturation process, it could depend on a child's environment and the quality of their formal and informal education