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Psychiatry pro +1700 > Intellectual Disabilities > Flashcards

Intellectual Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of ID?

A

Onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits

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2
Q

What are the 2 criteria for ID?

A
  • Deficits in intellectual functioning

- Deficits in function confirmed by clinical assessment / WAIS

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3
Q

When does ID begin?

A

During the developmental period

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4
Q

What are the IQ ranges for mild, moderate, severe, profound and unspecified for ID?

A 
Mild = [55-70]
Moderate = [35 -55]
Severe = 25-35
Profound = 20-25
Unspecified = untestable
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5
Q

What is the SE of WAIS?

A

5 points

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6
Q

What is the score that indicates MR on the WAIS scale? What else must be present to correctly diagnose this?

A

75

Limitations in adaptive functioning

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7
Q

What are the issues with IQ testing? (3)

A
  • Marked discrepancy between scores and verbal testing
  • Testing must be normed for socio-economic background
  • Co-occurring disorders of communication or motor/function may mislead
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8
Q

What is the adaptive functioning bit of mental testing?

A

Personal independence and social responsibility

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9
Q

Can you use education records, mental health evals to diagnose ID?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Are the specifiers for ID more influenced by IQ scores, or adaptive functioning?

A

Adaptive functioning

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11
Q

True or false: at the preschool level, there is no difference between mild MR pts and non-MR patients

A

True

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12
Q

What are the mild ID pts responses to problems, as compared to their peers?

A

Express more concrete solutions compared to age

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13
Q

What are the two ways to assess for intellectual disabilities?

A
  • Clinical assessment

- Standardized tests

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14
Q

Deficits in adaptive functioning in the diagnosis of MR is defined as having problems in what three areas without ongoing support?

A
  • Communication
  • independent living
  • social participation
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15
Q

True or false: individual profiles based on neuropsychological testing, is better than a single IQ score for diagnosing MR

A

True

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16
Q

What is meant by the term adaptive functioning? What is diagnostic for MR in this area?

A

Personal independence and social responsibility

Met when one domain is sufficiently impaired that ongoing support is needed

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17
Q

What are the three major areas of adaptive functioning?

A
  • Conceptual/academic
  • Socially
  • Practically
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18
Q

Specifiers in diagnosing MR are based largely on what component of the diagnostic criteria?

A

Adaptive functioning, not IQ scores

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19
Q

What are the social characteristics of mild MR? (3)

A
  • Immature perception of peer’s social cues
  • Problems with regulating behavior
  • Limited understanding of risk and judgement
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20
Q

What is the major social issue with mild MR patients?

A

the person is at risk of being manipulated

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21
Q

True or false: for patients with mild MR, they are largely function independently in terms of personal care and complex ADLs

A

True

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22
Q

What are the three major areas where pts with mild MR need help functioning?

A
  • Health care
  • Legal decisions
  • Raising a family
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23
Q

What is true regarding the conceptual domain for moderate MR pts?

A

Conceptual skills lag behind peers all through development

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24
Q

True or false: at the preschool level, there is no difference between moderate MR pts and non-MR patients

A

False–skils are slow to develop

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25
What level of education are pts with moderate MR at?
elementary level
26
What are the major issues in the social domain for moderate MR?(3)
- Much less complex social interaction - Capacity for relationships is limited - Work settings need significant social and communication support
27
True or false: with extended period of teaching, time, and reminders, an individual with moderate MR may become independent
True
28
True or false: maladaptive behavior is common in pts with moderate MR
False--significant minority
29
What is the major characteristic of the conceptual domain with severe MR?
Caretakers provide extensive supports throughout life
30
What are the social characteristics of severe MR?
- Significant difficulties communicating | - Family and familiar others offer support and help
31
At what level of MR is support needed for all ADLs?
Severe
32
True or false: in pts with severe MR, maladaptive behavior, including self-injury, is present in the majority of patients
False--significant minority
33
What is the defining characteristic of the conceptual processes in profound MR?
Physical world, rather than the symbolic
34
What is the defining characteristic of the social processes in profound MR?
Non-verbal, non-symbolic communication
35
What is the defining characteristic of the practical domain of profound MR?
Dependent on all aspects of daily physical care, health, and safety
36
True or false: maladaptive behaviors are present in only a significant minority of patients with profound MR
True
37
True or false: MR is a generally homogenous condition
False--very heterogenous
38
What specific personality or behavioral disorders are associated with MR?
None
39
What is the major mental health comorbidity with MR?
Suicide risk
40
What is fragile X syndrome? Cause?
-CGG expansion in FMR1 on X chromosome
41
What are the facial features of fragile X syndrome?
- Long face - Protruding ears - High arched palate
42
What are the foot features of fragile X pts?
Flat feet
43
What are the testicular features of fragile X pts?
Macrorrhizum
44
What is the cause of Prader-Willi syndrome? Cause? S/sx?
- Paternal chromosome deletion on chromosome 15q | - Hyperphagia, speech delay, hypogonadism
45
What is the cause of Angelman syndrome? S/sx?
deletion of maternal copy of chromosome 15 | -Happy puppet
46
What is the cause of William's syndrome? S/sx?
- deletion of parts of chromosome 7, | - Elfin face, developmental delay, supravalvular aortic stenosis, highly sociable
47
When do Down syndrome pts develop Alzheimer's type dementia?
40s
48
MR must occur before what age?
18
49
What is meant by the fact that intellectual disabilities are not static?
training can alter and improve adaptive skills
50
True or false: there is a familial pattern of MR
False--do not exist d/t the heterogeneity of the disorder
51
Early onset of delay in motor language or social milestones in the first 2 years of life = what level of MR?
Severe
52
School age onset with difficulty in academic is characteristic of what level of MR?
mild
53
Global delay for those under what age may eventually meet the criteria for MR?
5 years old
54
What is the cause of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome? S/sx?
Defect in HGRPT, which converts hypoxanthine to IMP and GMP - Hyperuricemia - Gout - Pissed off - Retardation - dysTonia
55
What percent of MR has no clear etiology?
30-40%
56
More or less severe MR has more identifiable etiologies?
More severe = more identifiable etiologies
57
What is social drift?
MR pts are more likely to drift into the lower socioeconomic classes
58
What is the male:female ratio of mild and severe MR?
1. 6:1 Mild | 1. 2:1 Severe
59
True or false: the diagnosis of MR is made whenever the diagnostic criteria are met
True
60
What is the difference in MR and learning/communication disorders?
MR is global
61
Why does autism need continuous reassessment over the developmental period?
IQ scores are liable to change
62
The prevalence of comorbid conditions like mental health disorders, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy may be (__)x the general population.
3-4x

Psychiatry pro +1700 (28 decks)

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