Intellectual disabilities

Question 1

Intellectual disability

Answer 1

Significantly sub-average intellectual functioning.
IQ < 70
Onset <18

Question 2

Mild LD - IQ

Answer 2

50-69

Question 3

Mild LD - prevalence

Answer 3

1.5-3%

Question 4

Moderate LD - IQ

Answer 4

35-49

Question 5

Moderate LD - prevalence

Answer 5

0.5%

Question 6

What may someone with a moderate LD need help with

Answer 6

Supervised environment

Work in sheltered workshop

Question 7

Severe LD - IQ

Answer 7

20-34

Question 8

Severe LD - prevalence (w/ mod)

Answer 8

0.5%

Question 9

What does someone with severe LD need help with

Answer 9

Daily living
Often physically disabled
Usually needs continuous care

Question 10

What can someone with severe LD usually d?

Answer 10

Wash
Maintain continence
Limited communication

Question 11

Profound LD - IQ

Answer 11

<20

Question 12

Profound LD - prevalence

Answer 12

0.05%

Question 13

What are LD associated with?

Answer 13

M > F

lower SE classes

Question 14

In what % of LD is there no identifiable cause?

Answer 14

30%

Question 15

What is the most common ID cause?

Answer 15

Downs

Question 16

What is the 2nd most common ID cause?

Answer 16

Fragile X syndrome

Question 17

What genetic change is Cri du chat

Answer 17

Deletion in short arm chromosome 5

Question 18

What ID can tuberous sclerosis lead to?

Answer 18

Autism

Question 19

What type of ID does neurofibromatosis cause?

Answer 19

Mild ID

Question 20

Pre-natal causes ID? (5)

Answer 20

Pre-eclampsia 
Placental insufficiency 
Infections - rubella, toxoplasmosis, CMV, syphilis 
Foetal alcohol syndrome 
Congenital hypothyroidism

Question 21

Peri-natal causes ID (3)

Answer 21

Hyperbilirubinameia
Birth trauma + hypoxia
Intraventricular haemorrhage

Question 22

Post-natal causes ID (6)

Answer 22

Childhood brain tumour 
Head injury 
Brain infection 
Malnutrition 
Neglect + abuse

Question 23

Risks in ID (5)

Answer 23

Suicide 
Self-harm 
Damage to property 
Harm towards others 
Unsupervised exit, harm from others

Question 24

RAAMP

Answer 24

Concept risk assessment + Mx plan 
Collect evidence 
ID triggers + context 
Plan consequences 
Develop strategies to minimise behaviour risk

Question 25

Basic principles for Mx someone with a LD

Answer 25

``` Personal space = important Quiet location Each day organised + explained Planned space for rituals Content of activities not beyond their capabilities Obsessions ```

Question 26

Prognosis ID

Answer 26

Life-long disorder Normal LE Some improvements w/ age Doesn't develop into schizophrenia

Question 27

What is associated with a better prognosis in a patient with an ID

Answer 27

Early speech | Higher intelligence

Question 28

Depression + ID - Sx

Answer 28

``` Diurnal mood/activity variation Agitation --> wandering Loss appetite Sleep disturbance Speech/motor retardation Observed anxiety Exaggeration of need for sameness Depressive ideas + suicidal ideas rare rare ```

Question 29

Mania/bipolar + ID - Sx

Answer 29

Challenging behaviour Giggling Overactivity + excitement Disinhibition - inapprop masturbation

Question 30

Schizophrenia + ID - Sx

Answer 30

``` Poverty of though Hallucinations - simple + repetitive Earlier age of inset Fear Withdrawal Challenging behavior Sleep disturbances ```

Question 31

What % individuals w/ autism have ID?

Answer 31

66%

Question 32

What are the 3 classical impairments in autism

Answer 32

Social interaction Communication Repetition

Question 33

PS Autism

Answer 33

``` Aloof Repetitive movements Little/no interaction w/ mother Doesn't bring toys to show mother Doesn't run to greet parents Doesn't follow mother around house Little eye contact No imaginative play Carry same object around Temper tantrums ```

Question 34

What % autistic people do not speak

Answer 34

49%

Question 35

Other speech qualities of an autistic person

Answer 35

Exact repetition Pronoun reversal Difficulty w/ abstraction Poor non-verbal communication

Question 36

Classical features Aspergers

Answer 36

Good speech, long winded + literal Monotomous God memories, not interested in wider applications Lack of common senses in social interaction Physically clumsy Intelligence - variable

Question 37

What % of mild ID have epilepsy

Answer 37

3-6%

Question 38

What % of moderate or > have epilepsy by age 22

Answer 38

44%