Intellectual Disability Flashcards
(18 cards)
Components of an assessment:
- Referring to specialist
- Gather information/ read patient’s file
- Interview (patient [+] caregiver/ family member
- Case formulation where hypothesis is included
- Report is written
According to DSM-5, an intellectual disability is classified under ________ disorders. The preferred term is “_______”.
Neurodevelopmental.
“Intellectual Developmental Disorder”.
What are the 3 criteria that need to be met for a diagnosis of Int. Disorder?
- First evident in childhood
- Characterised by deficits in general mental abilities, which is confirmed by clinical assessment and is administered individually
- The individual has limitations in adaptive functioning
What are the 3 domains for IDs? Explain them briefly.
- Conceptual (difficulty learning to read and write)
- Social (immature in social interactions, playing with younger peers)
- Practical (needs help with personal care, daily chores such as shopping or using public transport).
The severity of an ID is based not on _____ but rather on ________. Explain borderline cases.
IQ.
Adaptive functioning.
People who would be defined as ‘borderline’ i.e. their IQ scores indicate they might have an ID, but who can take care of themselves, might not be defined as such.
What are the stats for IDs?
A) People with usually fall under 2 SDs of the population mean
B) 3% of the population have IDs
Important scales for IDs:
- Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS-II)
- Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System (ABAS-3)
Who are Adaptive Behaviour measures made for? Think about it.
People with IDs, with ASD, developmental delays, learning disabilities, neuropsychological disorders, and sensory or physical impairments. So quite varied.
What is an alternative for ABAS-3? Why would this be necessary?
ABAS-3 is long and as such child needs to be followed around. So: a substitute is
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-5).
Facts about the PPVT-5:
- Can be used with deaf/ speech impaired
- There are 2 parallel versions with 228 testing plates
- The plates are order in a strict order of difficulty
- Usually completed within 15 minutes
Down Syndrome, explain:
Mild to moderate ID.
IQ in 40-70 range.
Executive functioning might be impaired (memory, planning, etc.)
Their social and emotional skills are usually good.
IDs are classified by:
- Aetiology (cause - genetic)
- Mental ability (crudely, IQ)
- Educational classification
- Support needs (how much assistance is required)
ABAS-3 has 10 skills to measure:
- Communication 6. Leisure
- Community use 7. Self-care
- Functional academics 8. Self-direction
- Home/school living 9. Social
- Health and safety. 10. Work (adults)
Define incidence:
The nº of cases occurring, usually in a year.
Define prevalence:
The total nº of people with a disease/ condition at one point in time.
What is Behaviour Assessment? Also known as Behaviour Modification or Applied Behaviour Analysis.
It is based on Skinner’s behaviourism, where actions are modified by consequences. Actions reward with positive consequences are more likely to be repeated.
As such, in therapy, behaviours are precisely defined (operationalised) and recorded. They can then theoretically be modified by the consequences (a.k.a. Contingency Management).
What is Contingency Management?
The use of stimuli and reinforcing consequences to modify an individual’s behaviour. Based on Skinner’s behaviourism.
The ABCs of Functional Assessment of Behaviour:
A) Antecedents: to control behaviour, you must understand why and how it happens.
B) Behaviour: Stimuli can affect our behaviour. Investigate.
C) Consequences: what follows the behaviour (reinforcing it)?
