Intelligence Flashcards
(28 cards)
Spearman’s definition
General ability involving eduction of relations and correlates
Binet & Simon’s definition
Ability to judge well, to understand well, to reason well
Terman’s definition
Capacity to form concepts and grasp their significance
Thurstone’s definition
Capacity to inhibit instinctive adjustments, flexibly imagine different responses, and modify instinctive adjustments into overt behavior
Wechsler’s definition
the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment
Sternberg’s definition
the mental capacity to automatize information processing and to emit contextually appropriate behavior in response to novelty; intelligence also includes metacomponents, performance components, and knowledge-acquisition components
Gardner’s definition
the ability or skill to solve problems or to fashion products which are valued within one or more cultural settings
Psychologist’s definition for intelligence testing
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with others using numerical scores
calculating IQ
chronological age/mental age x 100
Spearman’s g factor
includes: verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and logical reasoning (most similar to GRE); g refers to general intelligence
Yerke’s input on intelligence testing
given as a written test to US army; army alpha and beta tests (beta administered orally to those who could not read/write)
Thurstone’s factors of intelligence (8 factors)
1) visual and spatial ability
2) perceptual speed
3) numerical ability
4) verbal meaning
5) word fluency
6) memory
7) inductive and deductive reasoning
Thurstone believed this in regards to his factors of intelligence
one can be high in one factor and low in another
Cattell-Horn-Carrol Theory of Cognitive Development and two overall abilities of people
two abilities: crystallized intelligence (e.g. learned information that is relatively static) and fluid intelligence (e.g. novel problem solving)
Horn’s 7-9 additional broad abilities
crystallized intelligence, fluid reasoning, auditory processing, processing speed, short-term memory, long-term retrieval, visual-spatial processing, reading/writing ability, and quantitative reasoning
the policemen doll study showed what in regards to Piaget’s developmental theory of cognitive ability?
kids become less egocentric earlier than Piaget suggested; using a photograph was difficult for children but they were able to place the doll away from policemen’s sight when doing it themselves 3-dimensionally
Piaget’s definition of cognition
how people think and understand
what are the four stages of Piaget’s cognitive development?
sensory-motor stage
pre-operational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
what are the age ranges for each of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
sensory-motor (0-2)
pre-operational (2-7)
concrete operational (7-11)
formal operational (11-16)
Main points of sensory-motor stage of development
object permanence developed (7/8 months), egocentric thought
main points of pre-operational stage of development
symbolic thinking acquired, language understood, animism is developed (inanimate objects have feelings), egocentric thought, inability to understand conservation, difficulty distinguishing between reality and fantasy
main points of concrete-operational stage of development
ability to understand conservation of matter
conservation accidents - why and how was Piaget’s idea on when conservation was developed challenged?
Blank & Rose - the way the question was asked mattered
McGarrigle & Donaldson - “naughty teddy” - who was messing up the counters mattered (intentional vs. accidental) - worked for checkers and strings; when asked the same question twice after the objects were intentionally manipulated they assumed they had been changed
main points of formal operational stage of development
logical thinking, inferential reasoning (if x is taller than y and y is taller than z, who is tallest)
