Intelligent History Flashcards
(21 cards)
Intelligence
The ability to think, to learn from experience, to solve problems and to adapt to new situations.
It is positively correlated with academics and occupational success and negatively correlated with criminality.
Also positively correlated with longevity.
History of measuring intelligence
Started in France when France adopted laws for universal education of all children.
Alfred Binet:-
began working in Paris to develop a measure that would differentiate students who were expected to be better learners from students who were expected to be slower
learners. The goal was to help teachers better educate these two groups of students.
Binet Simon Intelligence Test (1905)
Binet and Simon developed the first intelligence test.
- includes a variety of questions that includes the ability to name objects, define words, draw picture, complete sentences, etc.
- Focused on 6-12 year olds.
- Stated easy and gets progressively harder.
Stanford Professor Lewis Terman
- Made and American version of the Binet Simon Test in 1916.
- The test is still used today.
Generalized Intelligence Factor
Relates to abstract thinking and that includes the abilities to acquire knowledge, to reason abstractly, to adapt to novel situations and to benefit from instruction and experience.
Specific Intelligence
- Verbal comprehension
- Perceptual reasoning
- Working memory
- Processing Speed
Fluid Intelligence
Refers to the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems and activities.
Improving more and more.
- It decreases with age.
After 30 years.
Crystallized Intelligence
Refers to the accumulated knowledge of the world we have acquired throughout our lives.
- It increases with age.
Ex. Older adults are as good as or better than young people in solving crossword puzzles.
Analytical Intelligence
Academic problem solving and computation
Practical intelligence
Street smarts and common sense
Creative intelligence
Imaginative and innovative problem-solving
Sternberg’s Triarchic Model of intelligence
Argued that traditional intelligence tests assess analytical intelligence, the ability to answer problems with a single right answer, but that they do not well assess creativity or practicality.
5 components of creativity
- Expertise:-
Carefully studies and knows a lot about the topic. - Imaginative thinking:-
Often view a problem in a visual way. - Risk-taking:-
Are willing to take on new and risky approaches. - Intrinsic Interest:-
Tend to work on a project because they love doing them. - Working in a creative environment:-
Is part of social phenomenon.
Most creative people were supported, aided and challenged by other people working on similar projects.
Practical intelligence
- Refers primarily to intelligence that cannot be gained from books or formal learning.
- Represents a type of street smarts or common sense that is learned from life experiences.
Howard Gardner’s 8 Intelligence
- Musical
- music smart - Bodily-Kinesthetic
- Body smart - Interpersonal
- People smart - Verbal-Linguistic
- Word smart - Logical-Mathematical
- Logic smart - Naturalistic
- Nature Smart - Intrapersonal
- Self Smart - Visual-Spatial
- Picture smart
Measuring Intelligence
The ability to accurately assess intelligence is one of the most important contributions of psychology to everyday public life.
The goal of most intelligence tests is to measure g, the general intelligence factor. Good intelligence tests are reliable, meaning that they are consistent over time, and also demonstrate construct
validity, meaning that they actually measure intelligence rather than something else.
IQ
160+ Genius
145 - 159 High
116 - 144 Above average
85 - 115 Average
71 - 84 Below Average
1 - 70 Low
The average IQ is 100; means that you scored as well as 50% of your age peers on the test.
The average IQ of incoming University students was 113 and the average IQ of someone graduating from undergraduate was 115.
Asia at the highest point.
The Wechsler test
Will give you the verbal, perceptual- organizational, working memory, and processing speed domain
scores.
Verbal IQ
Correlate very well with academic achievement.
Flynn Effect
Refers the observation that scores on intelligence test worldwide have increased substantially over the past decades.
- Increase varies from country to country
The average increase in about three intelligence IQ points every 10 years.
Explanations includes: Better nutrition, increased access to information etc.
“The effect is widely accepted as real, and typically thought to be due to various societal improvements that enhance
development of the brain and nervous system such as nutrition, healthcare, and education”
Optimistic about our increasing intelligence
An average increase in intelligence test scores of 4.3 IQ per year of education in young adulthood and 1.3 IQ points in adults in mid-life.
- Danish Study by Hegelund
