Intentional Torts Flashcards
What are the elements of Battery?
- An intent to cause another person harm/offence through physical contact
- A voluntary act to do that
If one doesn’t know that their actions will cause harm, is it battery?
No, but difficult to prove
What are the elements of Assault?
- An act that would reasonably put a person of ordinary moral courage in a reasonable apprehension of harm
- The person actually does apprehend harm
Can words alone constitute assault?
yes
Joe throws a stone at Billy’s head. At the last moment, Billy looks down. The stone flies over Billy, and Billy never notices the stone. Has a tort occurred?
No
What constitutes an act?
any action that is voluntary. ex. a sneeze is probably not voluntary
could reasonable apprehension of a reflex make the reflex into an act?
yes
what constitutes “contact” in the context of battery?
any particulate matter
can negligent contact be turned into a battery?
Yes, if there was an intent to batter someone else. this is transferred intent. Baska case
what are the 3 torts relating to property?
- Trespass to land
- Conversion of chattels (theft)
- Trespass to chattles
what are the elements of trespass to land?
- Plaintiff must prove an ownership/possessory interest in the land
- Prove an intentional invasion/intrusion/entry by the defendant, that
- Proves a harm upon the plaintiff’s exclusive possession
for trespass to land, does the defendant need to have known that the land belonged to the plaintiff?
No. Mere intentional entry of the land is enough
What is the difference between trespass and nuisance?
Tresspass is the physical invasion of land whereas nuisance is only interference with the land-owner’s enjoyment of their land
Johnny likes to blast his music at 2am on Thursday nights, to the annoyance of his downstairs neighbour. What tort could this be?
Nuisance
Assuming Johnny did not build his apartment, what if the vibrations cause the floor to give way, and the entire sound system falls into the lower apartment. What tort could this be?
Most likely none. The only possible tort could be negligent construction on the part of the apartment-builder, UNLESS Johnny unreasonably delays in cleaning up his sound system, in which case this would be a trespass to property.