Interaction Design Flashcards
(44 cards)
IxD
Interaction Design
What is Interaction Design?
Designing spaces for human communication and interaction. The field of interaction design is concerned with the development of products and systems that support the way people think and behave, to provide satisfying interactive experiences.
What is the difference between Interaction Design and Human-Computer Interaction?
Interaction Design encompasses the theory, research, and practice behind the design of many different products and systems to ensure the best possible user experience.
HCI is primarily concerned with the design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surround them.
Establishing Requirements
This stage involves establishing and answering a series of design questions, such as: What does the user need from the design? How easy is it to use the system or product? Does it fit the context? Does it provide the user with sufficient means of completing their device or system-based aims and objectives? Does it have superficial appeal?
Designing Alternatives
The process seeks input from users themselves to ensure the final design is as free from user-unfriendly elements as possible. The opinions of intended users are sought through questionnaires and interviews, whilst naturalistic observation can be particularly informative. If problems are identified during this phase then alternative designs are, therefore, necessary.
Prototyping
The design process is iterative; at various stages it is important to trial your product or system to ensure any unforeseen problems are brought to light so they can be remedied before the final design is set in stone. Prototypes allow you to see how real users, free from the biases that might influence the interactions of those involved in the design process, interact with your product or system.
Evaluating
The sum of all the prior stages. When the opinions of users have been considered and their use of prototypes observed and documented, the interactive system or product can be assessed. These four stages are then repeated until problems are eradicated, user needs are satisfied and an enjoyable user experience is provided.
What is the heart of interaction design?
The desire to learn more about the intended users.
Due to their shared emphasis on the interactive experience, the role of designers could be thought of in terms of which other profession?
Architecture
What is Top-Down Processing?
The process of applying knowledge to help us perceive, recognize and make sense of the world.
What is Bottom-up Processing?
Processing that occurs from the point information is received by our receptors, to the stage of neural processing.
Memory
the cognitive process responsible for the encoding, storage and retrieval of information received by our senses.
Encoding
Encoding refers to the registration information from our environment - which, as you have seen above is determined by the allocation of attentional resources - and formation of a memory trace (in the form of chemical and physical stimuli).
chunking
mental grouping of items into meaningful clusters.
Reasoning
the cognitive processes enabling evaluation and generation of logical arguments, verification of facts and the assimilation, accommodation and rejection of new information on the basis of existing knowledge. Reasoning also allows us to develop new ways of thinking with one idea leading to another.
Which cognitive process is considered in terms of these three features: goal directedness, sub-goal decomposition and operator selection?
a. Reasoning
b. Decision Making
c. Problem-solving
Problem-solving
In a situation where logic can be applied, which type of reasoning is most likely to lead us to the correct conclusion?
a. Deductive reasoning
b. Inductive reasoning
c. Illogical reasoning
Deductive reasoning
The notion of short-term memory has since been replaced by a…?
Working Memory model
The major difference between communication in the real-world and communication through a computer system is the former is …… whilst the latter is ……? Please choose the appropriate option for the blank spaces.
a. Direct; Indirect
b. Time-consuming; Quick
c. Unambiguous; Ambiguous
Direct; Indirect
What is the difference between reasoning and logic?
Logic refers to the application of rules, norms and heuristics(rules-of-thumb) during reasoning. Therefor, logic is more a component of reasoning than the same cognitive process.
Reasoning is the overall process, which can include steps that do not conform to logic, such as skipping or making backward steps, choosing incorrect actions on purpose (e.g. to test a hypothesis), or the process of establishing a whole new set of rules.
What are the two categories of methods or reasoning?
Deductive and Inductive
What is deductive reasoning?
In a deductive system we are able to reason with a high degree of certainty, on the basis of the premises of an argument, until we reach conclusion.
The transitive inference that…:
if A is bigger than B, and
B is bigger than C that
C must be smaller than A
…is an example of deductive reasoning. In this instance the reasoning is valid as the first two premises mean the conclusion that C is smaller than A cannot be false.
What is inductive reasoning?
inductive reasoning does not guarantee that the correct conclusion will be made; as such inferences are based on prior experiences and propositions rather than concrete rules, facts or algorithms. A classic example of inductive reasoning has been provided by empiricist David Hume:
Premise: The sun has risen to the east every morning up until now.
Conclusion: The sun will also rise in the east tomorrow.
One cannot say with certainty that as the sun rose in the east one day, that it necessarily will the next. Therefore, inductive inferences can lead to erroneous conclusions.
What does research show about people’s decision making?
It is oriented towards minimizing loss than miaximizing potential gains.
