*Interactionist Approach To SZ

Question 1

What is the definition of vulnerability in the context of the diathesis-stress model?

Answer 1

Biological disposition

Vulnerability refers to a person’s biological predisposition to develop a condition.

Question 2

What does the term ‘stressor’ refer to in the diathesis-stress model?

Answer 2

A negative experience

Stressors are events or experiences that can trigger the onset of a psychological condition.

Question 3

What does the original diathesis-stress model argue?

Answer 3

You need the biological disposition and then a stressor

This model suggests that both genetic and environmental factors are necessary for the development of schizophrenia.

Question 4

How does the new diathesis-stress model differ from the original?

Answer 4

A stressor can become a vulnerability due to trauma causing biological changes

This model highlights that stressors can alter biological dispositions over time.

Question 5

What is the Interactionist Approach also known as?

Answer 5

The biosocial approach

This approach considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development of schizophrenia.

Question 6

What are the biological factors acknowledged in the Interactionist Approach?

Answer 6

Genetic vulnerability, neurological and neurochemical abnormalities

These factors contribute to the risk of developing schizophrenia.

Question 7

What psychological factor is recognized in the Interactionist Approach?

Answer 7

Stress

Psychological stress is a critical element that can trigger schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals.

Question 8

What social factor is acknowledged in the Interactionist Approach?

Answer 8

Poor family interactions

Family dynamics can significantly influence the risk of developing schizophrenia.

Question 9

Who proposed the diathesis-stress model in 1962?

Answer 9

Meehl

Meehl introduced the concept of diathesis, highlighting genetic contributions to vulnerability.

Question 10

What does ‘diathesis’ mean?

Answer 10

Vulnerability (purely genetic)

Diathesis refers to the genetic predisposition towards developing a psychological condition.

Question 11

What is the result of the schizogene according to Meehl’s model?

Answer 11

Biologically based ‘schizotypic personality’

Schizotypic personality is characterized by sensitivity to stress and vulnerability to schizophrenia.

Question 12

What is necessary to trigger schizophrenia according to the diathesis-stress model?

Answer 12

Both vulnerability and stressor

The interaction of these two elements is essential for the onset of schizophrenia.

Question 13

What can trigger schizophrenia in carriers of the schizogene?

Answer 13

Stress

Stressful experiences can activate the genetic predisposition in these individuals.

Question 14

What is the concept of the ‘schizophrenogenic mother’?

Answer 14

A significant stressor

This concept refers to a mother’s behavior that is thought to contribute to the development of schizophrenia in her children.

Question 15

What modern understanding exists regarding genetic vulnerability?

Answer 15

Lots of genes increase a person’s vulnerability

Research indicates that multiple genetic factors contribute to the risk of developing schizophrenia.

Question 16

How does psychological trauma relate to vulnerability?

Answer 16

Increases vulnerability

Traumatic experiences can enhance the risk of developing mental health issues.

Question 17

What does the neurodevelopmental model suggest?

Answer 17

Early traumas alter the brain

This model emphasizes the impact of early life stress on brain development and subsequent mental health.

Question 18

What can happen to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system due to trauma?

Answer 18

It can become overactive

An overactive HPA system increases vulnerability to stress and mental health issues.

Question 19

What is the modern definition of stress in the context of schizophrenia?

Answer 19

Anything that risks triggering schizophrenia

This broad definition includes various factors that may lead to the onset of the condition.

Question 20

How does cannabis relate to schizophrenia?

Answer 20

It is a factor that triggers schizophrenia

Cannabis use has been linked to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia.

Question 21

By how much does cannabis increase the risk of schizophrenia?

Answer 21

Up to 7 times

This statistic highlights the significant risk associated with cannabis use in vulnerable individuals.

Question 22

What does cannabis interfere with to increase the risk of schizophrenia?

Answer 22

The dopamine system

Disruption of dopamine pathways is known to be implicated in schizophrenia.

Question 23

What does the interactionist model of treatment acknowledge?

Answer 23

Biological and psychological factors

This model integrates both types of treatment for a more comprehensive approach.

Question 24

What treatments does the interactionist model combine?

Answer 24

Antipsychotics and psychological therapy

Combining these treatments can enhance their effectiveness.

Question 25

According to Turkington et al, is it possible to believe in biological causes and still use CBT?

Answer 25

Yes ## Footnote This suggests a flexible approach to treatment that incorporates different methodologies.

Question 26

What was the focus of Tienari et al's study?

Answer 26

Impact of genetic vulnerability and a psychological trigger ## Footnote This study examined how these factors interact to influence the risk of schizophrenia.

Question 27

What was found in Tienari et al's study regarding high genetic risk groups?

Answer 27

High levels of criticism and hostility from adoptive parents were associated with the development of SZ ## Footnote This highlights the role of family dynamics in mental health.

Question 28

What are some limitations of the interactionist approach?

Answer 28

The original model is oversimplified ## Footnote Critiques point out that it does not account for the complexity of genetic and environmental interactions.

Question 29

What is a critique regarding the concept of 'schizogene'?

Answer 29

There is no 'schizogene' ## Footnote This term is considered misleading as multiple genes contribute to vulnerability.

Question 30

What does Houston et al emphasize regarding vulnerability?

Answer 30

Sexual abuse is a major influence ## Footnote This suggests that trauma can significantly affect an individual's mental health risk.

Question 31

What is a major limitation of the interactionist model in terms of stress?

Answer 31

Multiple forms of stress exist ## Footnote The model may not adequately address the variety of stressors that can influence mental health.