Intergroup Identities

Question 1

the collection of self- representations one has of
oneself

Answer 1

self- concept

Question 2

Aspects of one’s self-concept unique to
the individual person

Answer 2

personal identity

Question 3

Aspects of one’s self-concept rooted in
one’s roles vis-a-vie other people (e.g., sibling)

Answer 3

relational identity

Question 4

Aspects of one’s self-concept
connected to group memberships or social categories
* Race/ethnicity; Culture; Religion; Sexual orientation

Answer 4

social identity

Question 5

the aspects of the self-concept
brought to mind by the situation or by personal needs

Answer 5

working self-identity

Question 6

What does white identity management refer to? what are 2 psychological threats of it?

Answer 6

• it refers to privilege of white people

1. possibility that accomplishments in life are not fully earned (I’m assuming due to privilege)
2. association with a group that benefits from unfair social advantages

Question 7

What are 3 common identity management strategies of white identity?

Answer 7

• Deny: existence of privileged
• Distance: from self-concept of ‘white’ identity
• dismantle: strive to tear down systems of privledge

Question 8

Is identity static? what does it depend on?

Answer 8

No, the context changes how we define ourselves, our identity is responsive to context

Question 9

view identity in a positive light; this concept is extended to groups we belong to

Answer 9

Identity protection

Question 10

distinguish their identity as unique and
distinct from other identities or groups

Answer 10

distinctiveness

Question 11

How is distinctiveness apparent in homogenous groups?

Answer 11

even in homogenous places, groups will emerge and seek distinctiveness

Question 12

need to feel a sense of connection between one’s past, present, and future identities

Answer 12

continuity

Question 13

In terms of identity, what is continuity?

Answer 13

the desire to have a coherent narrative story line about one’s identity

Question 14

need to find significance or purpose (often via or involving identity)

Answer 14

meaning

Question 15

seek to define the
meaning of the identity, who belongs (and doesn’t), and what the group wants (and does not want) to achieve

Answer 15

Entrepreneurs of Identity

Question 16

What type of motivation?

1. People engage in behaviors based on perceptions of what ‘we’ do
2. Shifts in understanding of identity-definition can be associated with both ‘good’ and ‘bad’ behaviors

Answer 16

Identity-based motivation

Question 17

How is geography related to groups and intergroup relations?

Answer 17

• behavior is rooted in the geography of groups and intergroup relations
• in every place, there will be groups you belong to and groups you do not belong to

Question 18

a social group which an individual perceives
themselves as belonging (“us”)

Answer 18

in-group

Question 19

a social group to which an individual does not
perceive themselves as belonging to (“them”)

Answer 19

out-group

Question 20

What type of culture?

more likely to place importance on distinguishing self vs. others (compared to in-group vs. out-group) and strive for independence

Answer 20

independent/ individualistic cultures

Question 21

What type of culture!

more likely to place importance on distinguishing in-group vs. out-groups
(compared to self vs. others) and strive for
interconnectedness to meet needs of the in-group

Answer 21

interdependent/ collectivist cultures

Question 22

How does being a high/low group member affect that members behavior/responsiveness?

Answer 22

low and high identified group members will differentially respond to group-based events, such that those with high identification will be more responsive to group-based events

Question 23

the psychological tendency
to have positive predispositions, favor, and
preference one’s in-group over out-groups

Answer 23

in-group favoritism

Question 24

Implicitly view in-group as “good” and other side as “bad” (or at least less good)

Answer 24

in-group favoritism

Question 25

Levels of trust for in group vs out group

Answer 25

individuals report greater trust for in-groups vs. out-groups and greater anxiety, fear, and anger toward out-group (compared to in-groups)

Question 26

empathy is a motivated phenomenon in which observers are driven to either experience or avoid empathy

Answer 26

Motivated Empathy

Question 27

Factors that increase motivation to experience empathy: (2)

Answer 27

1. affiliation/identification with targets 2. social desirability

Question 28

factors that decrease motivation to experience empathy:

Answer 28

1. Cost (time, money, social) 2. Interference with competition (sports, war, business)

Question 29

he belief that our perspective of the way things are is the way the world truly is (objective reality)

Answer 29

Naive realism

Question 30

intergroup disagreement if you believe your group sees the truth, then yo believe that the other side is ___________

Answer 30

crazy or needs to be educated

Question 31

what are 3 key aspects about the Conflict-supporting mindset (for outgroup):

Answer 31

1. Negative beliefs about characteristics of the out-group 2. Negative emotions toward out-group 3. Excluding out-group from moral concern ex. they deserve to get hurt from fighting

Question 32

What is the situationalist approach?

Answer 32

being mindful of the situation in group relations

Question 33

competition between groups over scarce resources increases stereotyping, conflict, and aggression between groups

Answer 33

realistic conflict-theory

Question 34

goals that transcend interests of groups

Answer 34

Superordinate goals

Question 35

goals that pit interests of groups against one another

Answer 35

oppositional goals

Question 36

If one party gains, the other party loses

Answer 36

Zero-sum framing

Question 37

If one party gains, all parties are bette off

Answer 37

positive-sum framing

Question 38

To the extent that members of different groups conceive of themselves as wholly or partially a part of an inclusive group, relations will be improved

Answer 38

common in-group identity Model

Question 39

What are 3 key aspects in rasing positive attitudes, empathy, cooperation, self-disclosure, and helping in the common ingroup identity model?

Answer 39

1. Common Identity: WE are one group 2. Dual Identity: Two subgroups in One group (Us + them = we) 3. Separate groups

Question 40

Both liberals and conservatives show an intolerance of those whose values and beliefs are inconsistent with their own

Answer 40

Ideological conflict hypothesis

Question 41

What are 2 key aspects of the Ideological conflict hypothesis?

Answer 41

1. ideas, values, policies that conflict their worldview are worldview threatening (cause anxiety) 2. demonstrate explicit prejudice towards the other side - these findings are more pronounced for those with higher identification

Question 42

1. Identity is central to mental and physical health * E.g., Social support and mental health 2. Identities can be used as a psychological resource * Experiences are enhanced in group-settings * Provide common direction, meaning, & purpose

Answer 42

The Social Cure

Question 43

Why does the social cure call for identities?

Answer 43

1. identities are central to mental and physical health 2. identities can be used as a psychological resource - enhance group settings - provide direction, meaning, purpose

Question 44

What is one way we can decrease polarization between groups?

Answer 44

- by being aware about the perceptional-actual difference (people believe differences are bigger than they actually are

Question 45

What is the largest misperception around division between groups?

Answer 45

disconnect between perceive and actual differences between groups (we're not actually that different)