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Physiology > Interleukins and other messengers/markers > Flashcards

Interleukins and other messengers/markers Flashcards

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1
Q

IL-3

A

HSC differentiation: common myeloid progenitors / with IL-7, B cells

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2
Q

GM-CSF

A

HSC differentiation: common myeloid progenitors / monocytes/macrophages

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3
Q

IL-7

A

HSC differentiation: common lymphoid progenitors / with IL-2, T cells / with IL-3, B cells

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4
Q

IL-4

A

HSC differentiation: basophils

Immune respones: strong activator of BCs and signature cytokine of Th2 response. Inhibits TMMI/Th17

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5
Q

G-CSF

A

HSC differentiation: neutrophils

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6
Q

IL-5

A

HSC differentiation: eosinophils

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7
Q

M-CSF

A

HSC differentiation: Monocytes/macrophages

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8
Q

Flt3L

A

HSC differentiation: Dendritic cells

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9
Q

IL-2

A

HSC differentiation: with IL-7, T cells
TMMI: self-sustaining signal produced by Th1’s after antigen binding + IL12/18 - critical growth cytokine
also enhances NK and B cell responses
absolutely required for survival of Tregs (cannot produce their own

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10
Q

C1

A

Initiator of classical pathway of complement activation. Composed of C1qrs. Q must bind/crosslink 2 Ab Fc regions. r has proteolytic activity on s. s cleaves C4; then C2 when part of the C4b2 complex, creating C4b2a, a C3 convertase

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11
Q

C4

A

The classical complement pathway protein cleaved by C1s to C4a/b. C4b BINDS TO THE PATHOGEN SURFACE, associates with C2 (cleaved by C1s to C4b2a) to create a C3 convertase

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12
Q

C2

A

The classical complement pathway protein that associates with membrane bound C4b and is cleaved by C1s to create the C3 convertase, C4b2a

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13
Q

MBL

A

Mannan-binding lectin. One of two initiators of the lectin pathway of complement activation (compare to C1). Binds directly, with high avidity, to mannose and fucose residues.

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14
Q

MASP-1

A

mannan binding lectin associated serine protease 1. Compare to C1r; activates MASP-2

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15
Q

MASP-2

A

mannan binding lectin associated serine protease 2. Compare to C1s; cleaves C4 and, once C4b binds the pathogen and associates with C2, creates C4b2a

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16
Q

C3

A

Complement pathway protein. C3b binds membrane and acts as a powerful opsonin (rapidly degraded unless it binds a membrane though).
Also complexes with C4b2a to create a C5 convertase. C3a is a soluble inflammatory mediator
C3 also undergoes low levels of spontaneous hydrolysis in serum, at which point it can bind Factor B and allow its cleavage by Factor D to create a C3 convertase. C3bBb3b becomes a C5 convertase

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17
Q

C5

A

Final common complement pathway protein; cleaved by C5 convertase C4b2a3b OR C3bBb3b. Generation of 5b initiates the final stage of complement activation, formation of the MAC 5a is a soluble inflammatory mediator.

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18
Q

Ficolin

A

One of two initiators of the lectin pathway of complement initiation. It recognizes acetylated oligosaccharides. It is associated with MASP-1 and 2: compare C1qrs

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19
Q

Factor B

A

Alternative complement pathway protein. Complexes with C3(H2O) and is hydrolyzed to C3(H2O)Bb to form a C3 convertase.
May also complex with membrane bound C3b, be cleaved by Factor D, then stabilized by properdin to form a membrane bound C3 convertase C3bBb.
Complexes with a second C3b to form a C5 convertase, C3bBb3b.

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20
Q

C6-9

A

Proteins that participate in forming the MAC in the final common complement pathway (C5b67 complex binds to cell via C7; C8 inserts into membrane; a whole bunch of C9 punches a hole into membrane. Gram-negative only

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21
Q

CR1

A

AKA CD35
C3b receptors found on phagocytes (esp neutrophils and macrophages) that facilitate phagocytosis of opsonized pathogens. This process is facilitated by C5a.
Also found on erythrocytes allowing for the carrying to and clearance of immune complexes by the spleen and liver.
Can also inhibit C3 convertase, C5 convertase

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22
Q

C5a

A

soluble inflammatory mediator released when C5 is cleaved by a C5 convertase. Important in recruitment of leukocytes; facilitation of phagocytosis; triggering granule release on mast cells and basophils. This last property makes it (along with 4a and 3a) an anaphylotoxin (and inflammatory mediator)

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23
Q

C4a

A

Soluble split product of C4. Capable of causing degranulation of mast cells/basophils. Anaphylotoxin and inflammatory mediator

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24
Q

C3a

A

Soluble split product of C3. Capable of causing degranulation of mast cells/basophils. Anaphylotoxin and inflammatory mediator.

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25
C1INH
C1 Inhibitor. Regulation of complement activation. Inhibits C1 by dissociating C1r and C1s from C1q
26
DAF
AKA CD55 Decay-accelerating factor. Regulates complement activation by inhibiting (classical) C3 convertase May be given clinically
27
C4Bp
C4 binding protein. Regulates complement activation by inhibiting (classical) C3 convertase
28
MCP
Membrane cofactor protein. Regulates complement activation by inhibiting (classical) C3 convertase
29
Factor I
Regulates complement activation by inhibiting C5 convertase
30
Factor H
Regulates complement activation by inhibiting C5 convertase
31
CD59
Regulates complement activation by preventing assembly of MAC
32
Factor P
aka properdin. Stabilizes C3bBb complex on pathogen membrane to form C3 convertase
33
CCL21
chemokine secreted by stromal cells and HEV's of lymph nodes. chmokine attracts DC's, which express a CCL21 receptor
34
CCL18/19
chemokine secreted by DC's to attract TC's, BC's to a developing lymph node
35
CXL13
chemokine secreted by follicular DC to attract BC's to developing germinal center
36
CCR7
"homing receptor" (for CCL7?) directs TC's to Peyer's patches
37
L-selectin
directs TC's to Peyer's patches
38
IL-8
potent neutrophil chemoattractant
39
sIgA
secretory IgA; dimeric, connected by a J chain and secretory component (remainder of pIGR from trancytosis through epithelium)
40
pIGR
poly-Ig Receptor - binds to dimeric IgA or pentameric IgM to transcytose found in basement membrane of mucosal epithelium. cleaved portion at exocytosis forms secretory component
41
TSLP / TGF-β / PGE2
Triad of cytokines in the gut that inhibit dendritic cell maturation - found in presence of commensal bacteria (cause DC's give weak co-stimulatory signals which induce Tregs)
42
IL-12
along with IL-18, initiating cytokine, produced by an APC, that drives a TMMI
43
IL-18
secondary cytokine (with IL-12) produced by an APC, that drives a TMMI
44
T-bet
the "master transcription factor" that defines a Th1 CD3/CD4 T cell
45
IFN-g
signature cytokine of an ongoing TMMI. produced first by an activated Th1. (may also be produced by NK cells, activated CD8 or δs) **powerful chemokine, activator of macrophages and the endothelium, and upregulator of MHC presentation** potent inhibitor of Th2/17 response
46
IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα
The TMMI "classic tetrad" of proinflammatory cytokines
47
IL-21
very potent activator of CD8's in the presence of IFNg | In the presence of IL-4, stimulates proliferation/ differentiation/survival of B's
48
IL-1
prototype inflammatory cytokine - broad effect to stress/infection (with IL-6) can cause fever via hypothalamus; mobilize neutrophils and upregulate leukocyte production Neuroendocrine: acts through pituitary to cause release of ACTH in response to stress
49
IL-6
synergistic with IL-1 differs from IL-1 in that it acts in the bone marrow: stimulates BC growth and differentiation; promotes bone remodeling (involved in postmenopausal osteoporosis?)
50
TNFα
under inflammatory conditions, activates M/M, endothelium, promontes vasodilation
51
IL-1ra
naturally occurring antagonist of IL-1 (competes for receptors) - prevents morbidity of a runaway immune response produced by microglia of brain to help maintain CNS immune quiescence
52
KIR
killer cell inhibitory receptor expressed on NKC's, recognizes NORMAL MHC. abnormal? cytotoxicity (if cell lacks MHC, NKC will only "notice" it if it has an NK activating receptor - good for RBC's)
53
IL-10
strong promoter of BC differentiation/isotype switch/proliferation BUT ALSO very potent downregulator of TMMI; important for Tregs Mutations in receptor associated with IBD
54
TGFβ / IL-6 / IL-23
Triad that influences Th17 development
55
MHC-II (D)
MHC DR locus most strongly predictive of graft survival | MHC-D, certain polymorphisms strongly correlated with atopy/allergy, autoimmunity
56
CD16
Fc receptor necessary for antibody directed cytotoxicity (ADCC) NK cells in the gravid uterus LACK this receptor
57
Leptin
Adipocytokine. Decreases appetite [upregulated in obesity though]. Pro-inflammatory: increases production of IL-1, 6 and TNF (gamma??) especially by macrophages
58
Adiponectin
Adipocytokine. Stimulated by MAC-1 Anti-inflammatory: suppresses TNF alpha Major antagonist to leptin
59
MAC-1
Adipocytokine Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 [member of TNF superfamily] Anorexigenic (serum levels negatively correlate with body mass) Anti-inflammatory: Major stimulator of adiponectin
60
Visfatin
Adipocytokine strongly expressed in white adipose tissue Pro-inflammatory **Pro-angiogenic [therapeutic target?]
61
Osteopontin
Macrophage derived cytokine in white adipose tissue Pro-inflammatory Strongly chemotactic for M/M
62
Resistin
Macrophage derived cytokine in white adipose tissue Pro-inflammatory (direct antagonist of adiponectin) Promotes TNFalpha and IL-6
63
CCL2
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 Secreted by adipocytes potent chemoattractant for macrophages
64
PD-1
Programmed death receptor | Inhibitory TC receptor ON CYTOTOXIC T's [compare CTLA-4]. When engaged by PD-L1 or -2, the TC is killed or paralyzed
65
CTLA-4
Inhibitory T-cell receptor, expressed by CD4/25/FoxP3 T's. Activated by B7; prevents second signal for activation, promotes Treg status or anergy
66
PD-L1/2
Programmed death receptor ligand 1/2 Interacts with PD-1 on TC's causing paralysis or death Upregulated on some tumors as a defense mechanism

Physiology (8 decks)

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