Intermittent esotropia Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the definition of primary intermittent esotropia?
The esotropia is the initial defect and is intermittently present under certain circumstances.
What are the classifications of primary intermittent esotropia?
- Accommodative
- Non-accommodative
What are the types of accommodative intermittent esotropia?
- Fully Accommodative ET
- Convergence Excess ET
- Cyclic ET
- Near ET
- Distance ET
- Non-specific
How does accommodative demand influence strabismus?
Accommodative mechanisms are related to convergence mechanisms.
Why is esotropia associated with hypermetropia?
Blurred image on the retina triggers an accommodative response.
What happens when there is insufficient negative fusional reserves in accommodative esotropia?
Esotropia develops.
What is fully accommodative esotropia?
A condition in which binocular single vision (BSV) is present for all distances when hypermetropia is corrected, but esotropia develops without correction.
What is the typical presentation of fully accommodative esotropia?
Intermittent esotropia noticed during near tasks with BSV present when hypermetropia is corrected.
What is the main aetiological factor for convergence excess esotropia?
High AC/A ratio.
What is the definition of convergence excess esotropia?
An esotropia on accommodation at near fixation that persists with refractive correction.
What is the age range for onset of convergence excess esotropia?
Onset around 2-5 years.
What is near esotropia?
A concomitant esotropia that presents at near with BSV demonstrated at distance.
What is distance esotropia?
A concomitant esotropia that presents on distance fixation with BSV demonstrated at near.
What is cyclical esotropia?
A rare condition in which esotropia presents at near and distance at regular intervals.
What is the incidence of cyclical esotropia?
1:5000 cases of strabismus.
What findings are associated with cyclical esotropia?
Associated with diurnal clock mechanisms and abnormalities in superior colliculi or oculomotor nuclei.
What is the typical age of onset for fully accommodative esotropia?
Onset around 2-5 years.
What is the prognosis for fully accommodative esotropia with full hypermetropic correction?
Excellent long-term prognosis.
True or False: Convergence excess esotropia can be controlled to an esophoria at distance fixation.
True.
What is a common characteristic of distance esotropia in the elderly?
Gradual onset and slow increase in angle of deviation over 6-12 years.
What percentage of convergence excess patients present with a low AC/A ratio?
1%.
Fill in the blank: A concomitant esotropia that presents on distance fixation and BSV is demonstrated at near is known as _______.
Distance esotropia.
What is the typical age range for children presenting with convergence excess esotropia?
Between 2 and 9 years of age.
