Intermolecular Bonding + Water's Importance

Question 1

Intermolecular Forces Def.

Answer 1

Attractive forces between molecules. Influences properties such as melting/boiling point. Weaker then intramolecular

Question 2

Intramolecular Forces Def.

Answer 2

Forms atoms in a molecule

Question 3

What does intermolecular forces influence on boiling/melting point mean

Answer 3

Controls matter state

Question 4

Dipole Def.

Answer 4

When a molecule has a delta negative atom and a delta positive atom

Question 5

Relationship between dipole and electronegativity

Answer 5

Higher electronegativity = greater dipole

Question 6

Polarity unit of measurement

Answer 6

Debye (D)

Question 7

What type of molecules have no dipole moment (0D)

Answer 7

Non-polar (eg atoms of the same element)

Question 8

What type of molecules do have a dipole moment
(>0D)

Answer 8

Polar

Question 9

What influences a dipole moment

Answer 9

Bond polarity and molecule shape

Question 10

Position of dipoles from eachother in linear molecule

Answer 10

Opposite ends of molecule = non-polar . 0D as electron flow moves left and right from least electronegative atom equally (balance)

Question 11

Position of dipoles from each other in bent molecules

Answer 11

Angles greater/less then 180 degrees from each other. Polar >0D

Question 12

Dipole-dipole forces Outline

Answer 12

Occur between polar molecules. The bigger the dipole moment = the greater the force

Question 13

Ion - Dipole Forces Outline

Answer 13

Occur between an ion and a polar molecule. The bigger charge + atomic radius size of ion and polar magnitude + dipole moment of molecule = greater force

Question 14

How atom/ non-polar molecule has dipole induced by ion

Answer 14

Ion placed in vicinity in neutral/ non-polar molecule pushes electrons out of alignment

Question 15

How a dipole induces qa dipole in an atom/non pola molecule

Answer 15

Proximity of dipole pushes electrons out of alignment

Question 16

Factors That Influence Degree to Which Dipole is Induced

Answer 16

Ion charge/dipole moment size and polarizability of substance having dipole induced

Question 17

Instantaneous Dipole Def.

Answer 17

atom/ non-polar molecule with high polarizability will develop a dipole moment at random times

Question 18

H Bonds

Answer 18

Strongest intermolecular force. Dipole-Dipole between H (bond donor) and O, N or F (bond acceptor)

Question 18

Instantaneous Dipole - Induced Dipole Outline

Answer 18

Instantaneous dipole induces dipole in it’s neighbours. Magnitude of attraction is proportional to atom/molecule polarizability

Question 19

Ion to Ion (ionic bonding)

Answer 19

Electrostatic force. Forms lattice structures. Strong interactions take place between multiple ions

Question 20

Dispersion Forces Variations

Answer 20

Can range from weakest form of intermolecular interaction to stronger then dipole-dipole

Question 21

Why does water have a high boiling point

Answer 21

Held together by H bonding. Takes a lot of energy to break bonds

Question 22

Specific Heat Capacity Def. (J/g)

Answer 22

Energy required to heat 1g of a substance by 1 degree C

Question 23

Why do humans not vary in temperature that much

Answer 23

High specific heat capacity in water. Adult body is 60% water

Question 24

Sickle Cell Anaemia Outline

Answer 24

Immune cells destroy irregularly shaped erythrocytes resulting in lack of gas exchange. Cell irregularity caused by difference of 1 amino acid in haemoglobin

Question 25

Glutamic Acid

Answer 25

Amino acid in regular haemoglobin

Question 26

Valine

Answer 26

Non-polar amino acid replaces glutamic acid in erythrocytes. When exposed in low O2 it forms a hydrophobic region. This causes haemoglobin molecules to precipitate forming irregular shapes

Question 27

Why Hydrogen Bonds are important in body

Answer 27

DNA double helix (between base pairs)

Question 28

How do drugs bind to active site

Answer 28

intermolecular forces