Internal and External Respiration Flashcards
(23 cards)
External Respiration (simplified)
Exchange of gases in the lungs
Internal Respiration (simplified)
Exchange of gases in the tissues
Hemoglobin (2)
- Protein with iron-containing heme portion that oxygen attaches to
- Found in red blood cells
Symbol for hemoglobin
Hb
External Respiration
Exchange of gases between air in alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries
Partial pressure
Amount of pressure each gas exerts (symbolized as PO2 or PCO2)
Partial pressure situation in pulmonary capillaries and outcome (2)
- Blood in the pulmonary capillaries has a higher partial pressure of CO2 than atmospheric air, CO2 diffuses out of plasma and into lungs
- Blood returning from systemic capillaries has a lower partial pressure of oxygen then alveolar air, lungs 02 diffuses into plasma and then into red blood cells
How CO2 is carried in plasma
Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
Carbonic Anhydrase (3)
- present in red blood cells
- speeds breakdown of carbonic acid (H2CO3) into water and carbon dioxide
- speeds formation of carbonic acid from water and carbon dioxide
Hyperventilate
- breathe at a high rate
- removing more CO2 and pushing carbonic acid to create more CO2 and H2O
- results in fewer hydrogen ions in blood
Respiratory Alkalosis
- high blood pH from blood having fewer hydrogen ions
- breathing will be inhibited, might feel dizzy and disorientated
Hypoventilate
- hold your breathe
- pushes carbonic acid to create hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions
- hydrogen ions build up in blood
Respiratory Acidosis (3)
- increased CO2 and hydrogen ions will stimulate respiratory centre
- breathing rate will most likely increase
- if this does not occur, one may become confused, sleepy, or comatose
Conditions of external respiration in relation to Hb affinity (2)
- Low temperatures, higher pH (basic)
- Hb has a higher affinity for oxygen
Hemoglobin combined with oxygen - name, colour, symbol (2)
- oxyhemoglobin
- HbO2
- bright red colour
Internal respiration and significance (2)
- Exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid
- Services tissue cells that allows them to produce ATP and exist
Conditions of internal respiration in relation to Hb affinity (2)
- High temperatures, lower pH (acidic)
- loses affinity for 02 and gains affinity for CO2
Partial pressure situation in systemic capillaries and outcome (2)
- Partial pressure of O2 in tissue fluid is lower than in blood, oxygen diffuses out of blood and into tissues
- Partial pressure of CO2 in tissue fluid is higher than in blood, CO2 diffuses into the blood from the tissues
Why is there less O2 and more CO2 in tissues than systemic capillaries
Cells continuously use up O2 in tissues during cellular respiration and CO2 produced continuously by cells collects in tissue fluid
Hemoglobin and carbon dioxide - name, colour, symbol (3)
- carbaminohemoglobin
- HbCO2
- blueish colour
Hemoglobin and hydrogen ions - name, colour, symbol (3)
- reduced hemoglobin
- HHb
- dark maroon colour
What happens to CO2 after internal respiration
Reaches the lungs with blood and readily diffuses out of blood and is exhaled
Dangers of carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide is a much greater affinity for hemoglobin, staying combined for several hours and making hemoglobin unavailable for oxygen transport
