Internal and External War Flashcards
(39 cards)
How did Danton attempt to justify the war based on land? - Internal and External War
Danton justified the war effort by proclaiming the old doctrine of the ‘natural frontiers’ forming France’s borders. This included the Alps, the Rhine and the Pyrenees.
In what month did Spain declare war on France and France annex the Republic of Mainz? - Internal and External War
Spain declared war on France and annexed the Republic of Mainz in March 1793.
When did France declare war on Great Britain and the United Provinces? - Internal and External War
France declared war on Great Britain and the United Provinces in February 1793.
Who were members of the First Coalition (participants of the War of the First Coalition against France) - Internal and External War
The First Coalition contained Austria, Piedmont-Sardinia, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, the United Provinces and Great Britain.
In what month/year did the Prussians take Verdun and the French win at the Battle of Valmy under Dumouriez? - Internal and External War
The French won the Battle of Valmy but had Verdun taken by the Prussians in September 1792.
In what month/year did the French take Mainz and Frankfurt and the Prussians retreat from Verdun and Longwy? - Internal and External War
The French took Mainz and Frankfurt as well as saw the Prussians withdraw from Longwy and Verdun in October 1792.
In what month/year were the French victorious at the Battle of Jemappes and take lands in the Austrian Netherlands? - Internal and External War
The French were victorious in the Battle of Jemappes and took lands in the Austrian Netherlands in November 1792.
In what month/year did France annex territory in the Rhine to form the Republic of Mainz? - Internal and External War
France annexed the Republic of Mainz from the Rhine in March 1793.
In what month/year did the Austrians begin to besiege the Republic of Mainz? - Internal and External War
The Austrians began to besiege the Republic of Mainz in April 1793.
In what month/year did the British begin to blockade French ports? What example is there of this? - Internal and External War
The British began blocking French ports in June 1793, such as Toulon.
In what month/year did the French withdraw from the Republic of Mainz, leading to it collapsing? - Internal and External War
The French withdrew from the Republic of Mainz in July 1793, with it collapsing as a result.
Where was the Vendée? Why was this ripe for anti-revolutionary action? - Internal and External War
The Vendée was an area in Western France, with it being largely rural, Catholic and strongly conservative. It also contained refractory priests.
What action by the Republic prompted the rising in the Vendée? - Internal and External War
The Republic issued a levy for 300,000 men to be raised to support the war effort.
When did the rising in the Vendée begin? - Internal and External War
The Vendée rising began in March 1793.
What was the name used for the army which rose up in the Vendée? What actions did this army use to express their opposition to the Republic? - Internal and External War
The army in the Vendée was called the Catholic and Royal Army, with it using violence and guerilla warfare, as well as massacres of officials, judging priests and the national guard.
How many men did the Convention send in May 1793 in an attempt to dispel the revolt in the Vendée? - Internal and External War
The Convention sent 30,000 troops to the Vendée in May 1793 in an attempt to reduce the rebellion in the area.
When did the Convention decree the destruction of the Vendée? - Internal and External War
The Convention decreed the Vendée’s destruction on the 1st August 1793.
How many soldiers did the Convention send to the Vendée in September 1793? When did this army begin to suppress the rebellion? - Internal and External War
The Convention sent 100,000 soldiers to the Vendée in September 1793, with this group not being fully successful until December.
In what year did the Republic begin to introduce extraordinary measures to enhance executive control? Why? - Internal and External War
The Republic introduced extraordinary measures in 1793, with these intended to increase the chance of winning the war as well as reassure the sans-culottes that their needs were being responded to.
When did the Convention introduce the Committee of General Security? What was the purpose of this body? - Internal and External War
The Committee of General Security (CGS) was introduced in October 1792. This was intended to take responsibility for policing and the administration of justice. Had to report to the Convention (centralisation of power).
What were representatives on mission? What was their role? - Internal and External War
Representatives on mission were pairs of officials sent to provinces. They ensured loyalty and effective running of départements, as well as public order and the loyalty of troops.
When was the Revolutionary Tribunal established? What were its roles and powers? - Internal and External War
The Revolutionary Tribunal was established in March 1793, with it intended to try counter-revolutionaries. Made up of five judges, a prosecutor and jurymen.
When was a revolutionary law passed that allowed the execution of rebels bearing arms within 24 hours? - Internal and External War
A revolutionary law was passed allowing the execution of rebels bearing arms within 24 hours in March 1793.
When was the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) established? What was its purpose? - Internal and External War
The CPS was established in April 1793, with this responsible for the conduct of war, control of the army, control of supplies and application of revolutionary wars.
