INTERNAL EYE Flashcards
(20 cards)
what can the “red” retinal reflex” can detect?
scars in cornea, cataracts in lens, blood or pus in aqueous or vitreous fluids.
cataracts
abnormal progressive loss of lens transparency due to degenerative changes after 50 y/o.
describe the shape and color of the optic disc
disc shape,
yellow-orange color.
The physiologic cup is ____ the entire disc area
< 1/2
arteries are ______ in diameter and ______ red
veins are _______ in diameter and ______ red
smaller, brighter
larger, darker
what is papilledema?
- fundoscopic signs
optic disc swelling caused by intracranial pressure
- swollen, distorted optic disc with blurry borders
what is chronic glaucoma?
- main sign & symptoms?
slow, progressive increase of intraocular pressure
- headaches that originate around the eyes and “tunnel vision”
what is the most outstanding fundoscopic sign of chronic glaucoma?
an increased size of the physiologic cup
name the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
- frequent urination, thirst, hunger and weight loss.
- bilateral sensory loss in the feet
- impotency in 50-60% of men
what is the gold standard test for diabetes mellitus?
glucose tolerance test
Are fundoscopic signs immediately noticeable in diabetes mellitus?
No, it takes 5 or more years after diagnose to show any sign
What are the early/background or non-proliferative fundoscopic signs in diabetes mellitus?
Micro aneurysms - small red dots.
Hard exudates - small yellow fatty deposits.
What are the advanced or proliferative fundoscopic signs in diabetes mellitus?
Neovascularization -new fragile, irregular vessels.
Retinitis proliferans -scarring of the retinal tissues.
What are the symptoms of hypertension?
There are NO SYMPTOMS until advanced stages
What are the signs of mild hypertensive retinopathy?
retinal arteriole constriction and sclerosis (AV nicking and copper wire vessels)
What are the signs of moderate hypertensive retinopathy?
signs of mild hepertensive retinopathy plus: hemorrages (dot, blot & frame shaped), soft cotton-wool patches (grey spots due to ischemia) and hard exudates.
What are the signs of high hypertensive retinopathy?
signs of mild and moderate hypertensive retinopathy plus: papilledema (optic disc swelling), and silver wiring (from advance sclerosing).
Amaurosis Fugax
embolus causes temporary vision loss in a sector of the vision field.
patient experience multiple vitreous floaters, flashing lights on head movement and diminished peripheral vision. Whats the most probable retinopathy? Cause?
Non Traumatic Retinal Detachment
- starts with a whole in retina (age, trauma or infammation), then vitreous fluid seep between and separates the choroid from the retina.
patient experiences impaired central vision, with smudges. Fundoscopic signs reveal small white and yellow dots on the surface of retina. Whats the most probable retinopathy?
Macular Degeneration (also known as AMD)
