Internal Eye Disease

Question 1

Occlusion in the microcirculation

Microaneurysms

Answer 1

Dilation bulges of the retinal capillaries seen as red dots on the retina. Early sign of DR/ RVO
Hard exudes- formed by lipids. Yellow in colour well defined margins
Haemorrhage leakage of blood
Oedema build up of fluid in a tissue macula Oedema commonly results from DR/AMD

Question 2

Occlusions in the microcirculation results in?

Answer 2

Cotton wool spots
Fluffy white lesions with indistinct margins. Arise from damage to nerve fibres
Diabetes and hypertension the major cause
Commonly termed the misnomer ‘soft exudates’
Rarely case sight loss
No treatment required

Question 3

Occlusion in the microcirculation result in? (2)

Answer 3

Neovascularisarion.
New blood cells growing more permeable than normal retinal vessels so leak fliud/ blood
Usually cause by inadequate blood supply to part of the eye ‘ischaemia’
Typically they are result of DR/ AMD/ retinal occlusion
Leakages result in loss of field and acuity
Treatment = VEGF or laser photocoagulation