Internal Factors - Gender Differences Based On Experiences

Question 1

What is the concept of the ‘ideal pupil’ as defined by Becker (1952)?

Answer 1

A model based on teachers’ perceptions of how a pupil should respond to their teaching

Becker’s study highlights how socio-economic background influences teacher perceptions and treatment of pupils.

Question 2

According to Becker (1952), what do teachers base their perception and treatment of pupils on?

Answer 2

A model of how a pupil should respond to their teaching

This model often reflects teachers’ expectations influenced by socio-economic factors.

Question 3

What phenomenon is illustrated by Rosenthal and Jacobsen’s 1968 study ‘Pygmalion in the Classroom’?

Answer 3

The self-fulfilling prophecy

Teachers’ expectations about students can influence students’ performance and behavior.

Question 4

What did Rosenthal and Jacobsen find regarding teacher interactions with students?

Answer 4

Teachers interacted based on their expectations, influencing student responses

This interaction led students to become the type of pupils their teachers expected.

Question 5

What did Stanworth (1983) find about teacher expectations of boys and girls?

Answer 5

Teachers learned boys’ names more quickly and held higher academic expectations for boys

Girls’ work was often downgraded compared to boys’ work.

Question 6

How did Spender (1982) characterize the treatment of girls in the classroom?

Answer 6

Girls were ‘invisible’, receiving less attention and having sexist abuse ignored

This highlights the gender bias present in classroom dynamics.

Question 7

What did Swann and Graddol (1994) and Hartley and Sutton (2011) find regarding gender expectations?

Answer 7

Males have lower expectations and teachers hold differential expectations for genders

These studies provide evidence of the persistent bias in educational settings.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: According to Becker (1952), teachers’ perceptions are influenced by a model of how a pupil should ______.

Answer 8

[respond to their teaching]

Question 9

True or False: According to Spender (1982), boys receive less teacher attention than girls.

Answer 9

False

Spender argued that girls are often overlooked in classroom settings.

Question 10

What evidence did Stanworth (1983) provide regarding gender expectations in education?

Answer 10

Teachers held higher academic expectations for boys and upgraded their work

This indicates a gender bias in teacher assessments.

Question 11

What is the significance of the ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ in educational contexts?

Answer 11

Teachers’ expectations can shape student performance and identity

This concept emphasizes the impact of teacher attitudes on student outcomes.