Internal school relationships/processes Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the hidden curriculum ?
A01 - Things learnt in school but are not on the actual curriculum.
Following rules - uniform - punctuality
(Link to correspondence principle)
A02 - Learn to value extrinsic rewards (good grades from exams)
Extrinsic rewards in work = Money - make them stay in the job.
Not learn the Intrinsic value of the job itself.
Give an evaluation point for the hidden curriculum
Hidden curriculum no longer hidden.
We learn about sociology - tells us about these issues.
Learning to labour - not all students conform - will go against the rules so will not learn this.
paul wilis
What is labelling ?
Becker
A01- Teachers judge pupils based on physical characteristics rather than ability/intelligence.
Appearance (if look w/c)
Gender (may label boys to be disruptive/unwilling to learn) - Streaming
Ethnicity - Afro-caribbean boys labelled to be disruptive and likely to fail.
Class - W/C students may be automatically labelled to be lazy/troublemakers - (Becker - w/c boys)
A03 - Girls may be effected by the labels but turn the negative label and try to prove the teachers wrong. (Girls achieving better than boys - student/gender subcultures)
What do interactionists say about labelling ?
A02- Individuals develop a self-concept/view of themselves.
Based on how others react to them (looking glass self) - Cooley
Interactions with teachers/other students can shape their identities.
Can influence educational attainment - Achieving well
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy ?
A01 -Process where labelling someone in a certain way (negative) causes them to live up to the label and fulfil the role that has been put on them.
Merton - A false definition of a situation can trigger new behaviours that make the original false definition become true.
A teacher might label a student as a “low achiever” based on a single low grade. This label can then influence how the teacher interacts with the student, potentially providing less support or challenging work, leading to the student actually performing lower in the future.
What did Rosenthal/Jacobson say about the Self-fulfilling prophecy ?
A02 - Pygmalion in the classroom study.
Field experiment in elementary school
20% of students randomly selected/labelled to be intellectual.
These students fulfilled the prophecy - made academic progress.
What is an issue with their study ? A03
IQ tests poor way to measure academic ability.
Teachers not observed in classroom - how they treating students
Lack Verstehen (In depth empathetic understanding)
Evaluation of the self-fulfilling prophecy ? A03
Some may not conform to the label given to them and so will not develop a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Shows how students can be labelled by teachers and then treated differently in the classroom/behave differently leading to them underachieving therefore conforming to their label.
Self-fulfilling prophecy can be used to reinforce stereotypes and maintain social inequalities - Marxists
What is Setting/streaming ?
Gilborn/Youdell
A01 - Setting- Individuals are placed into sets based on their ability. - Differs across all subjects.
Streaming - Splitting pupils into groups based on their ability - across all subjects.
Why has it become the norm?
Marketisation of the education system
Competition between/within schools.
Parents/teachers accept it as apart of the meritocracy.
What is Gilbourn/Youdell - Educational Triage
Hint - labelling
Students are labelled by teachers.
Those who will pass anyway = Ignored
May/may not pass = will get intervention
Those who will fail anyway = ignored
A03 - Issues with Setting/streaming
Lower teacher expectations
Labelling/stigma
Reduced access to opportunities
Hard to remove label
Explain lower teacher expectations
Teachers will have lower expectations for students in lower sets/streams.
Won’t challenge/provide extra support for students.
Hinder their progress - When students labelled they are put into these lower streams/sets leading to them fulfilling the label given to them as they receive less help from teachers.
Explain labelling/stigma
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Students labeled as less able by being put in a lower group.
Impact self-esteem/motivation - Achieve less
Reduced access to opportunities
Students in lower streams have limited access to advanced courses/opportunities - reinforcing existing inequalities
Difficulty removing labels
One placed in a lower group it can be difficult for students move to a higher group even if their abilities improve.
(because they have been labelled).
What is the ideal pupil ?
A01- The student profile the teachers hold in their minds.
(Their expectation of a model student).
What did Gillborn/Youdell find in their study of the london secondary schools - Link to the ideal pupil
W/C pupils were more likely to be seen as disruptive/ill-prepared/demotivated - (Material deprivation/cultural)
M/C pupils more likely to be seen as co-operative - well prepared - motivated. (Better speech codes - parents more invested in education).
W/C= Lower sets
M/C= Higher sets
What is differentiation ?
Teachers positively/Negatively labelling pupils.
What is Polarisation ?
Student react to the label given to them.
Adopt to 2 different extremes
(Pro-school subculture - Anti-school subculture)
M/C= Pro-school
W/C= Anti-school
Pro-school/Anti-school subculture
Lacey
Pro-school = Conform to the norms/values associated with the ideal pupil.
Anti-school = Rebel against the norms/values associated with the ideal pupil.
What are student Subcultures?
A group of pupils that share similar norms/values and patterns of behaviour.
What does Lacey say about student subcultures ?
These subcultures develop through differentiation/polarisation.
Pro-school subcultures - Gain status in academic success. - Go onto higher education - high level jobs - recognised by teachers.
Anti-school subcultures - Gain status in other ways - Often fall into crime - appeal to other students by misbehaving.
A02- What did Sewell say about Black/Asian male subcultures ?
Value - Street Cred
Cultural differences
Labelling from teachers - low expectations
Peer pressure from anti-school peers
Hyper-masculinity - Many lack a father figure so look for masc in other ways - aggression/toughness - conflict with schools norms.
Anti-school subcultures - Join these subcultures as a way to cope.
