Internation, Global or Transnational L1

Question 1

The world has become more global
- Globalization

Dimensions of globalization can be observed through

Answer 1

People: Increase migration from south to north (more opportunities)
Capital: Increase of trade in between states
Politics: Emergence of terrorism, conflicts in between states and climate change (common problem for all states)
Culture: Film broadcast becoming international - Netflix

Question 2

3 Process of Globalization

Answer 2

Deterritorialization: The process through which social medias have been decreasing the constraint of geographical territory ; being able to have contact w/ people all over the world

Interdependence: The increase of social and political relationships in between states has decreased the matter of security and force (less fear of attacks)

Time & Space Compression: Easier to travel, places grow “closer” due to less cost of travel and less amount of time - 1h plane to change country.

Question 3

3 Interpretation of Globalization (3 approaches)

Answer 3

1. IR approach:
   - The world is divided in b/w domestic and international (clearly defined territories w/ sovereignty)
   
   • States are the main actors
   • Other actors (NSA’s) exist but are not important (negligible)
2. Globalist approach:
   
   • No borders: world divides - flattened
   • Undifferentiated investment surface: money & people travel safely
   • Decrease relevance of states
3. Transnational critique:
   
   • A problem of analytical purchase (explanatory power of a theory), we cannot ignore anymore that:
     i. Relations develop between states and non - state actors
     ii. States adapt to globalization: transgovernmentalism
   • Conceptualization: How states act w: NSA’s playing a role in the world

–> Academic theories have been debating on the disappearance or persistence of the nation-state in the force of globalization.

Question 4

Territorial Trap - John Agnew

(Conceptual error of thinking opposite of the answer)

Answer 4

• States do not have exclusive power over territories
• Domestic and foreign realms are not separate
• Boundaries of states are not the boundaries of the societies

Question 5

3 Main concepts of Inter. Politics

Answer 5

1.Sovereignty as relational not absolute
- Rule existed in other forms (city-state)
- Territorial states is a recent invention
- No strict division of domestic /international
- Transnational elite networks / transgovernmentalism

2. Space of power not homogenous, but made of networks
   
   • Unified territorial control as a history
   • Effective territorial sovereignty is a myth
   • Power operates much more through networks
   • Transnational social fields
3. Identities as multiple & Hybrid:
   
   • Nationalism is historically determined
   • Identities have never entirely fit territorial borders
   • Globalization has reinforced the discrepancy
   • Hybridity, rather than homogeneity

Question 6

Reading Part - Realism

Answer 6

Realism dominates international
relations
– Focus on states
– Focus on security (war and peace)
– Neglect for economic issues

Question 7

Reading - Transnational interactions

Answer 7

Movement of tangible or intangible items
across state boundaries when at least one actor is not an agent of a government or an international organization.

Question 8

Reading - Effects on Interstate politics

Answer 8

● attitude changes
○ face to face interaction
● international pluralism
○ linking of the interest of groups
● dependence and interdependence
○ transport and finance
● increasing ability of some states to influence other
○ transnational corporations
● autonomous actors with private foreign politics that may deliberately oppose or impinge on state politics
○ roman catholic church
○ banks

Question 9

Reading - Def of World Politics

Answer 9

• “all political interactions between significant actors in a world system

– in which a significant actor is any somewhat autonomous individual or organization that controls
substantial resources

– and participates in political relationships with other actors across state lines” (p. 32)

Question 10

TRANSNATIONAL RELATIONS & “LOSS OF-CONTROL” BY GOVERNMENTS

Answer 10

• States remain the most powerful
  actors
• Transnational relations create a
  “control gap”: an empirical question

Question 11

Reading - Values

Answer 11

-They enrich and strengthen the
strong and rich

• Could be considered as imperialism
• Keohane & Nye : Better speak of a
  system of “asymetries” and
  “inequalities”