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CPACC Body of Knowledge > International Conventions and Treaties on Disability Rights > Flashcards

International Conventions and Treaties on Disability Rights Flashcards

1. Name the most prominent international declarations and conventions that protect human rights and the rights of people with disabilities. 2. Explain the main purpose and protections of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

1
Q

True or False

People with disabilities are listed among the groups protected against discrimination in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

A

False

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2
Q

In what year did the United Nations pass the Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons?

A

1975

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3
Q

What document was the first of its kind to establish fundamental human rights to be universally protected?

A

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

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4
Q

When and where did the United Nations General Assembly adopt the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?

A

December 10, 1948 in Paris, France

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5
Q

What document is regarded as the foundation of international human rights law (numerous treaties, constitutions, and laws have elaborated on the rights in the document, especially accessibility laws).

A

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

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6
Q

Who commissioned the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?

A
  • The Commission on Human Rights, led by Eleanor Roosevelt
  • 18 members with different cultural and political backgrounds
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7
Q

What document consists of 30 articles that state fundamental human rights ranging from life, liberty, equality, spiritual and policital freedoms, to social, cultural, and economic rights?

A

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

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8
Q

What treaty is the most important political and democratic expression of the will to grant and guarantee equal human rights to people with disabilities at a global level?

A

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD)

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9
Q

What treaty is an instrument to push and monitor national legislation, administration and the implementation and provision of Accessibility, AT and universal design as integral parts and means to guarantee equal human rights to people with disabilities?

A

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD)

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10
Q

What treaty follows decades of work by the United Nations to change attitudes and approaches to persons with disabilities?

A

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD)

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11
Q

What treaty took to a new height the movement from viewing persons with disabilities as “objects” of charity, medical treatment and social protection towards viewing persons with disabilities as “subjects” with rights, who are capable of claiming those rights and making decisions for their lives based on their free and informed consent as well as being active members of society?

A

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD)

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12
Q

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD) was negotiated in what timeframe?

It is considered the fastest negotiated human rights treaty

A

From 2002 to 2006

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13
Q

When was The Marrakesh Treaty adopted?

A

June 27, 2013

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14
Q

What is the full name of The Marrakesh Treaty?

A

The Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled

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15
Q

Which treaty seeks to ensure that people with vision or other print disabilities can access published materials such as books?

A

The Marrakesh Treaty

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16
Q

True or False

The Marrakesh Treaty forms part of the body of international copyright treaties administered by the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization).

A

True

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17
Q

What are the most prominent international declarations and conventions that protect human rights and the rights of people with disabilities?

A
  • The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
  • The Marrakesh Treaty
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18
Q

What treaty is intended as a human rights instrument with an explicit, social development dimension?

A

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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19
Q

What treaty reaffirms that all persons with all types of disabilities must enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms?

A

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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20
Q

What treaty identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights and areas where their rights have been violated, and where protection of rights must be reinforced?

A

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD)

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21
Q

What unifies the fundamental personal freedoms and rights of European Union citizens?

A

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

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22
Q

When was the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union declared, and when did it become law?

A

Declared in 2000 and became law in 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon

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23
Q

What was the purpose of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union?

A

To unify and clarify various rights throughout the EU member states.

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24
Q

“The fundamental rights and freedoms recognized by the European Convention on Human Rights” is an element that forms the basis of what?

A

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

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25
Q

“The constitutional traditions of the EU Member States (i.e., protections under common and constitutional law)” is an element that forms the basis of what?

A

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU)

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26
Q

“The Council of Europe’s Social Charter” is an element that forms the basis of what?

A

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

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27
Q

“The Community Charter of Fundamental Social Rights of Workers” is an element that forms the basis of what?

A

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

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28
Q

“Other international conventions to which the EU or its Member States are parties” is an element that forms the basis of what?

A

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

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29
Q

What article of what charter states “The Union recognizes and respects the right of persons with disabilities to benefit from measures designed to ensure their independence, social and occupational integration and participation in the life of the community”?

A

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Article 26: Integration of persons with disabilities

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30
Q

What article of what charter states “Any discrimination based on any ground such as sex, race, color, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation shall be prohibited”?

A

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Article 21: Non-discrimination

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31
Q

True or False

The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights does not specifically refer to disability.

A

True

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32
Q

Article 2 of what charter recognizes the rights of all people, although it doesn’t explicitly specify disability?

A

The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights

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33
Q

What article of what charter states the following?

“Every individual shall be entitled to the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms recognised and guaranteed in the present Charter without distinction of any kind such as race, ethnic group, colour, sex, language, religion, political or any other opinion, national and social origin, fortune, birth or any status.”

A

Article 2 of The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights

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34
Q

What is the full name of The Inter-American Convention?

A

The Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities

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35
Q

What articles of the Inter-American Convention lay out the Convention’s objectives and how they will be achieved?

A

Articles II and III

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36
Q

What states the following?

“The objectives of this Convention are to prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society.”

A

The Inter-American Convention

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37
Q

What reaffirmed that people with disabilities have the same rights and freedoms as other people?

A

The Inter-American Convention

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38
Q

The following is listed as an undertaking to achieve the objectives of what?

“To adopt the legislative, social, educational, labor-related, or any other measures needed to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society”

A

The Inter-American Convention, Article III

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39
Q

The following is referenced in what law/standard?

“Measures to eliminate discrimination gradually and to promote integration by government authorities and/or private entities in providing or making available goods, services, facilities, programs, and activities such as employment, transportation, communications, housing, recreation, education, sports, law enforcement and administration of justice, and political and administrative activities”

A

The Inter-American Convention, Article III

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40
Q

The following is referenced in what law/standard?

“Measures to ensure that new buildings, vehicles, and facilities constructed or manufactured within their respective territories facilitate transportation, communications, and access by persons with disabilities”

A

The Inter-American Convention, Article III

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41
Q

The following is referenced in what law/standard?

“Measures to eliminate, to the extent possible, architectural, transportation, and communication obstacles to facilitate access and use by persons with disabilities”

A

The Inter-American Convention, Article III

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42
Q

The following is referenced in what law/standard?

“Measures to ensure that persons responsible for applying this Convention and domestic law in this area are trained to do so”

A

The Inter-American Convention, Article III

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43
Q

The following is listed as an undertaking to achieve the objectives of what?

“To work on a priority basis in the prevention of all forms of preventable disabilities”

A

The Inter-American Convention, Article III

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44
Q

The following is listed as an undertaking to achieve the objectives of what?

“To work on a priority basis in the early detection and intervention, treatment, rehabilitation, education, job training, and the provision of comprehensive services to ensure the optimal level of independence and quality of life for persons with disabilities”

A

The Inter-American Convention, Article III

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45
Q

The following is listed as an undertaking to achieve the objectives of what?

“Increasing of public awareness through educational campaigns aimed at eliminating prejudices, stereotypes, and other attitudes that jeopardize the right of persons to live as equals, thus promoting respect for and coexistence with persons with disabilities”

A

The Inter-American Convention, Article III

46
Q

What was passed in the United Kingdom in 2010?

A

The Equality Act 2010

47
Q

“To unify and strengthen anti-discrimination laws in the workplace and society” was the purpose of what?

A

The Equality Act 2010

48
Q

Section 4 of The Equality Act 2010 protects what characteristics of persons?

A
  • Age
  • Disability
  • Gender reassignment
  • Marriage and civil partnership
  • Pregnancy and maternity
  • Race
  • Religion or belief
  • Sex
  • Sexual orientation
49
Q

What is “an individual’s right to freedom and to equal treatment, to not be subjected to discrimination based on certain characteristics?”

A

Definition of a civil right

50
Q

What kind of legislation looks to protect rights such as privacy and freedom of speech, as well as protect people from discrimination in multiple settings, such as employment, housing, public spaces, and education?

A

Civil rights legislation

51
Q

When was The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) made into law?

A

1990

52
Q

What civil rights law puts in place protections for people with disabilities, similar to those provided to on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion?

A

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

53
Q

What guarantees equal opportunities for people with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications?

A

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

54
Q

True or False

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) does not mention web accessibility explicitly.

A

True

55
Q

What applies to “private entities that own, operate, lease, or lease to places of public accommodation?”

(Essentially this refers to businesses and other organizations open to the public, with the exception of religious entities and private clubs)

A

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

56
Q

True or False

The ADA does not apply to federal and state government entities

A

False

57
Q

True or False

The ADA is only enforced by consumers (people with disabilities) filing formal complaints.

A

True

58
Q

When was The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) passed?

A

2001

59
Q

What, with ongoing refinements, ensures the rights of people with disabilities to equal opportunities and to be free from discrimination in Ontario?

A

The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)

60
Q

What reads “the people of Ontario support the right of persons of all ages with disabilities to enjoy equal opportunity and to participate fully in the life of the province?”

A

The preamble to The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)

61
Q

What reads “Ontarians with disabilities experience barriers to participating in the mainstream of Ontario society. The number of persons with disabilities is expected to increase as the population ages, since the incidence of disability increases with age?”

A

The preamble to The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)

62
Q

The Government of ________ is committed to working with every sector of society to build on what it has already achieved together with those sectors and to move towards a province in which no new barriers are created and existing ones are removed.

A

Ontario

63
Q

The following laws were replaced by what?
* Sex Discrimination Act 1975
* Race Relations Act 1976
* Disability Discrimination Act 1995

A

The Equality Act 2010

64
Q

What is one of the main laws related to web accessibility in the UK?

A

The Equality Act 2010

65
Q

True or False

The Equality Act 2010 bars citizens from filing complaints or pursuing legal action.

A

False

66
Q

What phrase in the Equality Act 2010 is considered to apply to commercial web services as much as to traditional services?

A

“Provision of a service”

67
Q

What act was one of the actions Japan took to eradicate social barriers for people with disabilities?

A

The Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

68
Q

When was The Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities passed?

A

June 2013

69
Q

In Japan, what legislation prohibits discrimination based on disability and requires organizations and private entities to provide the necessary accommodations that remove the social barriers people with disabilities face?

A

The Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

70
Q

“The process of government entities purchasing goods and services from external sources” is the referred to by what term?

A

Procurment

71
Q

What requires the U.S. federal government to take accessibility into account when procuring information technologies: websites, telephones, copiers, computers, and other technologies, including both hardware and software?

A

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

72
Q

“1194.21 — Software applications and operating systems” is a web accessibility-relevant part of what?

A

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

73
Q

“1194.22 — Web-based intranet and internet information and applications” is a web accessibility-relevant part of what?

A

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

74
Q

“1194.31 — Functional performance criteria” is a web accessibility-relevant part of what?

A

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

75
Q

When did Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act incorporate and require WCAG A and AA guidelines?

A

2017

76
Q

What law applies to US federal government only, but has permeated the majority of the information technology landscape?

(To sell to the federal government, private entities have to offer accessible products and services)

A

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

77
Q

Who enforces Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act?

A

Consumers (people with disabilities) filing formal complaints

78
Q

By what date did websites, intranets, and extranets have to comply with EU Directive 2016/2102?

A

September 23, 2020

79
Q

When did mobile apps have to comply with EU Directive 2019/2102 by?

A

June 23, 2021

80
Q

What EU directive applies to the public sector?

A

EU Directive 2012/2102

81
Q

What EU Directive applies to the private sector?

A

EU Directive 2019/882

82
Q

What EU Directive refers directly to the European standard EN 301 549?

A

EU Directive 2016/2102

83
Q

What European standard is similar to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act in the United States?

A

EN 301/549

84
Q

Which law/standard is specific to ICT (information and communication technologies)?

A

EN 301/549

85
Q

When did the European Union formally adopt the European Accessibility Act?

A

June 7th, 2019

86
Q

Which EU Act could be compared to the ADA in the United States?

A

European Accessibility Act (EAA)

87
Q

“To create a common set of accessibility guidelines for EU member states and fix diverging accessibility requirements” is the main goal of what?

A

European Accessibility Act (EAA)

88
Q

What kind of law is Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act?

A

Procurement Law

89
Q

What kind of law is EN 301 549?

A

Procurement Law

90
Q

What kind of law is the European Accessibility Act (EAA)?

A

Procurement Law

91
Q

Name two US federal technology and domain-specific laws

A
  • The 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA)
  • The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA)
92
Q

What kind of law provides legal outlines and regulations for distributing, collecting, and storing electronic information?

A

Information technology (IT) law

93
Q

What law/standard requires “advanced communications services and products” to be accessible to people with disabilities?

(Includes video communications, text messaging, web browsers on mobile devices, and other similar technologies)

A

21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA)

94
Q

What law /standard requires all video programs to be presented with captions on television and closed-captions on the internet?

A

21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA)

95
Q

True or False

The CVAA explicitly applies to web-only videos.

A

False

96
Q

What law/standard applies to all entities already covered by FCC regulations?

A

21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA)

97
Q

Who is the CVAA enforced by?

A

Consumers (people with disabilities) filing formal complaints

98
Q

When was the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) passed

A

1986

99
Q

What law/standard prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in air travel and requires air carriers to accommodate the needs of passengers with disabilities?

A

Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA)

100
Q

What law/standard applies to US and foreign air carriers operating flights within or to the US, or selling tickets to the US public?

A

Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA)

101
Q

Who enforces the Air Carrier Accessibility Act (ACAA)?

A

Consumers (people with disabilities) filing formal complaints

102
Q

True or False

The government of Canada has published web standards for accessibility, usability, interoperability, and mobile devices that apply to both the government and private sectors.

A

False - Those guidelines apply to the government, and do not apply explicitly to the private sector

103
Q

What French Law, passed in 2005, can be somewhat compared to the US ADA?

A

Law 2005-102

104
Q

What French law focuses on ensuring physical and digital accessibility for people with disabilities?

A

Law 2005-102

105
Q

Government websites in Ireland must comply with what law/standard, which is based on WCAG?

A

The Code of Practice on Accessibility of Public Services and Information provided by Public Bodies

106
Q

Government websites in Italy must comply with what law, which is based on WCAG 2.0, Level AA?

A

Law 4/2004 (“Stanca” Law)

107
Q

In the Netherlands, all government websites and mobile apps must comply with what?

A

WCAG Level AA

108
Q

True or False

The Disability Discrimination Act of Australia requires all government and non-government websites to comply with WCAG 2.0, Level AAA.

A

False - Only WCAG 2.0, Level AA compliance is needed.

109
Q

True or False

Hong Kong does not require government websties to comply to WCAG, Level AA.

A

False

110
Q

True or False

India requires government websites to comply with WCAG, Level AA.

A

True

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