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International Relations Flashcards

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0
Q

Three leaders at Yalta

A

Roosevelt - US
Churchill - UK
Stalin - USSR

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1
Q

Date of Yalta Conf.

A

February 1945

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2
Q

5 agreements at Yalta

A

Germany was to be split up into 4 bits

Free elections in the states of Eastern Europe

Germany would pay reparations

USSR would gain some polish territory but boarders were left unresolved

Stalin agreed to join the UN

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3
Q

What 3 things happened before Potsdam?

A

Dropping of atomic bomb

Soviet Armies didn’t leave Eastern Europe

America had a new President

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4
Q

Date of first successful test of atomic bomb

A

16th July 1945 (Day before Potsdam)

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5
Q

What date was Hiroshima bombed?

A

6th August 1945

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6
Q

Name 3 countries that the Soviets liberated

A

Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary or Bulgaria

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7
Q

What day did Roosevelt die?

A

12 April 1945

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8
Q

Who took over from Roosevelt

A

Truman - he was more anti-communist so made talks harder

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9
Q

3 Agreements at Potsdam

A

German reparations were agreed that each country would take it from their own sector

The Nazi party would be stamped out in all areas

Details of German-Polish boarder were agreed

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10
Q

3 Disagreements at Potsdam

A

Soviets wanted part of the Ruhr

Soviets wanted part of Japan

USA wanted a larger dealing with politics in Eastern Europe

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11
Q

3 Soviet arguments for expansion of Europe

A

They had liberated these countries from the Nazis

The Soviets had lost more than the Americans in Europe

The USSR had been invaded twice by the Germans in the 20th century

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12
Q

Arguments against soviet expansion into Eastern Europe

A

The Soviets agreed at Yalta there would be free elections

They needed time to establish independent governments after just being liberated from the Nazis

Start of an attempted domination of Europe by the USSR

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13
Q

Effects of Soviet expansion into Eastern Europe (3)

A

Trust in each other was non existent

The USA feared a domino effect - led to the Truman doctrine and the Marshall plan

Berlin was the the focus for conflict

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14
Q

3 Cause of the Truman Doctrine

A

Britain was unable to continue support for the Greek monarchy and informed the Americans

Communist Expansion in Easter Europe

Soviet troops were threatening Turkey

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15
Q

What was the Truman doctrine?

A

Truman’s justification for helping Greece. Congress accepted Truman’s argument and granted $400 million which was used to defend Greece and Turkey from communist influence

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16
Q

Consequences of the Truman doctrine

A

By sending aid it set up a network of allies to the USA. This led to NATO

Also led to the Marshall Plan to help economies of Europe get going again and keep communism away

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17
Q

How much money was in the Marshall plan

A

$17 billion

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18
Q

When was the Marshall plan agreed?

A

March 1948 just after Czechoslovakia turned communist

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19
Q

3 impacts of the Marshall plan

A

It protected countries like France and Italy from strong communist parties

The USSR saw this as bribing countries to stay or switch back to a democratic government therefore the USSR said that any country in the comniform or Comecon who took the money would be expelled.

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20
Q

What was the only member of the USSR’s satellite states to accept the Marshall Plan money?

A

Yugoslavia and they were expelled from the comniform and Comecon

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21
Q

2 Causes of the Berlin blockade

A

In 1948, the three western sectors began plans to merge into West Germany - this meant that west Germany was now bigger than the East

In 1948, Britain and America introduced a new currency in the Western sectors. This new currency was much stronger than the Eastern currency and so some used it in the East making the Eastern economy worse

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22
Q

5 Facts about Berlin blockade

A

Lasted 318 days
275,000 planes transported 1.5 million tons of supplies
A plane landed every 3 minutes
On 12th May 1949, Stalin abandoned the blockade

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23
Q

3 Consequences of the Berlin blockade

A

Increased tensions

In 1949, the Western Allies set up NATO as a defensive alliance against Russia

The two powers started an arms race, building up armies and weapons

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24
Why did the USA and USSR engage in an arms race?
To gain the title of most powerful nation in the world
25
When did they build their first ones?
USSR - 1949 | USA - 1945
26
Who won?
America, even after stopping in the 60's due to public pressure
27
Cause of the Korean War
Had just been freed from Japanese control. Split into N and S by the 38th parallel. Both Kim Il Sung and Syngman Rhee both were not happy with the split and wanted to rule the whole peninsula.
28
What date the North Korea attack South Korea?
25th June 1950
29
How long did it take for the NKs to take Seoul
3 days
30
What did the UN do once the North had taken the south? who did not attend this and why? With what effect?
Sat down the same day. The USSR did not attend because they were boycotting over China not being recognised. The USSR could not use their veto
31
What date did UN troops land in Inchon?
15th September 1950
32
How did the landing at Inchon help?
It cut off the NK army and were able to push them back to the 38th parallel.
33
How many Chinese volunteer troops were sent?
250,000
34
6 consequences of the Korean War
The UN had worked - although it was heavily in favour of the USA It indicated that Truman was sticking to what he said in the Truman doctrine China has become another world superpower None of these wanted to descend into a nuclear war It extended the war into the Far East Korea was perm inanely divided into N and S
35
What date did Stalin die?
5th March 1953
36
3 consequences of Stalin death
Improved relations between east and west as the USA saw him as the biggest cause This was seen when Khrushchev visited the UK and US to talk Khrushchev used the phrase 'peaceful coexistence'. An example of this is the 1955 Geneva conference
37
How many members were in the Warsaw Pact?
8
38
When did the USSR build their first nuclear bomb?
1949
39
Who won the arms race?
USA
40
What parallel was Korea divided by after WWII?
38th
41
Who was the dictator of North Korea?
Kim Il Sung
42
Who was the dictator of South Korea?
Syngman Rhee
43
Who have the North Koreans tanks and guns?
Chinks and Russians
44
What date did north invade south?
25 June 1950
45
Why did the Russians not attend the UN meeting?
The UN ignored Chairman Mao communist regime therefore the Russians did not use their veto.
46
Who was the first US general and why was he dismissed?
MacArthur wanted to use the atomic bomb
47
Who was the second General in Korea?
General Ridgeway
48
6 consequences of the Korean War
The UN had worked albeit in favour of the USA. Truman standing by the Truman doctrine China announced itself in the world stage Both sides didn't want nuclear war Cold War was now also in the Far East Korea was perm innately divided into south and north
49
What date did Stalin die?
5th March 1953
50
Consequences of the Stalin's death
Improved relations between east and west as the US viewed him as the biggest cause of the Cold War This was seen in that his successor Khrushchev visited the US and UK Khrushchev used the phrase 'peaceful coexistence' at the Austrian State Conference in 1955
51
3 causes of Hungarian Uprising
After WWII a communist govt was set up under Rakosi who followed by Stalin and was v unpopular The standards of living were far below that of the Democratic West and the poverty rate was rising Poland has also started to rise up against the communist regime
52
6 consequences of the the Hungarian uprising
Between 2,500 and 30,000 Hungarians were killed along with 700 soviet troops There was no active support from the west The USSR showed the limit of peaceful coexistence Other satellite states knew that they would not be allowed to leave the soviet sphere of influence The uprising showed people's discontent about the regime
53
What date was the U2 brought down?
1st May 1960
54
Who was the pilot of the U2?
Gary Powers
55
Where did Gary Powers take off from?
Pakistan
56
Consequences of the U2 Crisis
Ended the Paris summit which aimed to discuss the future of Berlin Propaganda victory for the USSR and Khrushchev Eisenhower did not apologise and was not voted in for his next term in office at the end of 1960 Eisenhower placed all his forces on high alert ready for retaliation from the USSR The US lost an expensive plane There was no nuclear test ban treaty Peaceful coexistence ended
57
2 reasons for building the Berlin Wall
Cut the number of people defecting from east to west Stabilises the Eastern economy
58
Consequences of the Berlin Wall
Shooting of defectors was a propaganda victory for the US The was no retaliation from the West It removed an area of conflict Over 200 people were killed trying to defect Reduced defections from 3.5 million to 5000
59
When did Russia launch its first satellite?
October 1957
60
When did Russia send the first man into space? What was his name?
April 1961, Yuri Gagarin
61
When did the Americans send the first person into space? What was his name?
May 1961, Alan Shepherd
62
When was the fist man on the moon?
July 1969
63
What date was JFK shown photos of missiles?
16th October 1962
64
What date did JFK make an announcement to the American people?
21st October 1962
65
Consequences of Cuba missile crisis
The soviets now had an allow near the USA Khrushchev protected Cuba Nuclear war had been avoided A phone line had been set up between the White House And the kremlin so they did not have to send letters anymore JFK reputation increases as it looks like he made Khrushchev back down The chinks weren't happy with Russia and they severed ties with them NATO did not like that the USA had taken their missiles off of Turkey

International Relations (1 decks)

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