Internet Flashcards
(26 cards)
Internet
Global infrastructure of interconnected networks.
URL
A text-based address for a website / web page (accessed with web browser)
WWW
All the web pages that are accessible via the internet
IPv4 format
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (numbers up to 255)
Two characteristics of IPv6
Hexadecimal
Separated by colons
Prevention of DDoS
Proxy server
Functions of a web browser
Displays a web page
Storing bookmarks/favourites
Recording user history
Allowing use of multiple tabs
Storing cookies
Providing navigation tools
Can set a home page
Different parts of a URL
File name
Domain name
Protocol
Functions of a proxy server
Can limit the number of requests sent to the web server at a time
Can process common requests that will not need to enter the network
Act as a firewall
Examine incoming data to the webserver/network
How is a web page displayed
- Browser sends the URL to the DNS
- DNS stores the index and matches it with the IP address
- IP address is sent to the browser
- Browser sends a request to the IP address of the web server
- The browser interprets the HTML
DNS stands for
domain name server
Web server
Stores web pages and receives
requests from clients and returns
requested web page
Process that uses a digital ledger to track digital currency
Blockchain
What is a dynamic IP address
It can be used to uniquely identify a device (on a network)
It can change each time the device is connected to the network
Brute force attack
Trial and error to guess a password
Combinations are repeatedly entered until correct password is found
Can be carried out manually or automatically by software
Benefits of hacking a company
Steal/view/access data
Delete data
Change data
Lock account // Encrypt data
Damage reputation of a business
Forms of malware
Virus
Worm
Trojan horse
Spyware
Adware
Ransomware
Cybersecurity measures
Two-step verification
Biometrics
Firewall // Proxy-server
Strong/complex password // by example
Setting a limit for login attempts
Request for partial entry of password
How does pharming work
User clicks/opens attachment/link that triggers download Malicious software downloaded onto user’s computer
User enters website address
User is redirected to fake website
Differences between session and persistent cookies
Session: stored in RAM, deleted when browser closes,
Persistent: stored in secondary storage, not deleted when browser closes, only until they are deleted by user or expire
What device assigns an IP address
Router
Characteristics of IPv4
It is denary based with numbers between 0 and 255. It is 32 bits with 4 groups of numbers
Separated by dots
It is a unique address
It can be static or dynamic
Process of a DDoS
Malware downloaded to several computers turning it into a bot and creating a network of bots
Third party/hacker initiating the attack
Bots send requests to a web server at the same time
The web server fails due to the requests
Legitimate requests cannot reach the web server
What do cookies do
Saving personal details
Storing login details
Tracking user preferences
Holding items in an online shopping cart
