Internet Unit 4

Question 1

Internet

Answer 1

A computer network that uses open protocols to standardize communication. It requires a computing device connected to an Internet-connected device for access.

Question 2

Computer Network

Answer 2

An interconnected computing system capable of sending or receiving data.

Question 3

Computing System

Answer 3

A group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose.

Question 4

Computing Device

Answer 4

A physical object capable of running a program

Question 5

World Wide Web

Answer 5

A system of linked pages

Question 6

Router

Answer 6

A computer that passes information from one network to another

Question 7

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

Answer 7

Companies that sell Internet access to homes and institutions.

Question 8

Bandwidth

Answer 8

The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time

Question 9

Cloud Storage

Answer 9

Storing data on the Internet without knowing the exact location

Question 10

Path

Answer 10

A sequence of directly connected computing devices connecting a sender to a receiver.

Question 11

Routing

Answer 11

The process of finding a path from sender to receiver.

Question 12

Scalability

Answer 12

The ability of the Internet to continue functioning as it grows.

Question 13

Redundancy

Answer 13

The inclusion of backup elements in a system to prevent failure.

Question 14

Fault Tolerance

Answer 14

The ability of a system to continue operating despite the occurrence of faults.

Question 15

Protocol

Answer 15

A set of rules specifying the behavior of a system.

Question 16

IP Address

Answer 16

A unique number assigned to each device on a computer network.

Question 17

Packet

Answer 17

A small chunk of data and metadata passed through the Internet as a part of a data stream.

Question 18

Packet Switching

Answer 18

The process of sending information in short bursts over the Internet

Question 19

TCP/IP

Answer 19

A pair of protocols providing abstraction layers for Internet communication

Question 20

Encryption

Answer 20

The process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized access.

Question 21

Decryption

Answer 21

The process of decoding encrypted data.

Question 22

Symmetric Encryption

Answer 22

Encryption using the same key for both encrypting and decrypting data

Question 23

Public Key Encryption

Answer 23

Uses a pair of keys (public for encryption

Question 24

SSL/TLS

Answer 24

Standards for cryptographically secured information transfer on the Internet.

Question 25

Certificate Authorities

Answer 25

Organizations issuing digital certificates to verify ownership of encryption keys for secure communications.

Question 26

Malware

Answer 26

Software designed to harm or take control over a computer.

Question 27

Keylogging Software

Answer 27

Malware that records every key pressed by the user.

Question 28

Computer Virus

Answer 28

Malware that spreads and infects other computers by attaching to legitimate programs.

Question 29

Antivirus Software

Answer 29

Software designed to scan for and eliminate malware.

Question 30

Firewall

Answer 30

A security system controlling connections between a computer/network and the outside world.

Question 31

Phishing

Answer 31

A security attack tricking victims into surrendering personal information or downloading malware.

Question 32

DDoS Attack

Answer 32

A distributed denial of service attack that floods a server with requests to deny service to legitimate users.

Question 33

Rogue Access Point

Answer 33

An unauthorized wireless access point providing access to a secure network.

Question 34

Digital Divide

Answer 34

Unequal access to computers and the Internet based on various socio-economic factors.

Question 35

Citizen Science

Answer 35

Scientific research conducted partly by non-scientists contributing data via computing devices.

Question 36

Crowdsourcing

Answer 36

Using the Internet to gather a large group of people to solve problems

Question 37

Computing Innovation

Answer 37

Can be physical

Question 38

Bit

Answer 38

The smallest unit of data

Question 39

Byte

Answer 39

Eight bits.

Question 40

Word

Answer 40

The number of bits processed by a CPU at a time

Question 41

Binary Sequence (Bitstream)

Answer 41

A string of ones and zeros representing digital data.

Question 42

Analog Data

Answer 42

Data with values that change smoothly

Question 43

Sampling

Answer 43

Measuring analog signal values at regular intervals.

Question 44

Sampling Rate

Answer 44

The number of samples of an analog signal measured per second.

Question 45

Width

Answer 45

The number of bits a CPU processes at a time.

Question 46

Scientific Notation and Floating Point

Answer 46

Methods for representing very large or small values using powers of ten (scientific notation) or two (floating point).

Question 47

Lossless Compression

Answer 47

Data compression algorithms that allow for the original data to be perfectly reconstructed.

Question 48

Lossy Compression

Answer 48

Data compression algorithms that result in an approximation of the original data