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AP Computer Science Principles > Internet Unit 4 > Flashcards

Internet Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Internet

A

A computer network that uses open protocols to standardize communication. It requires a computing device connected to an Internet-connected device for access.

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2
Q

Computer Network

A

An interconnected computing system capable of sending or receiving data.

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3
Q

Computing System

A

A group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose.

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4
Q

Computing Device

A

A physical object capable of running a program

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5
Q

World Wide Web

A

A system of linked pages

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6
Q

Router

A

A computer that passes information from one network to another

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7
Q

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

A

Companies that sell Internet access to homes and institutions.

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8
Q

Bandwidth

A

The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time

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9
Q

Cloud Storage

A

Storing data on the Internet without knowing the exact location

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10
Q

Path

A

A sequence of directly connected computing devices connecting a sender to a receiver.

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11
Q

Routing

A

The process of finding a path from sender to receiver.

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12
Q

Scalability

A

The ability of the Internet to continue functioning as it grows.

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13
Q

Redundancy

A

The inclusion of backup elements in a system to prevent failure.

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14
Q

Fault Tolerance

A

The ability of a system to continue operating despite the occurrence of faults.

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15
Q

Protocol

A

A set of rules specifying the behavior of a system.

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16
Q

IP Address

A

A unique number assigned to each device on a computer network.

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17
Q

Packet

A

A small chunk of data and metadata passed through the Internet as a part of a data stream.

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18
Q

Packet Switching

A

The process of sending information in short bursts over the Internet

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19
Q

TCP/IP

A

A pair of protocols providing abstraction layers for Internet communication

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20
Q

Encryption

A

The process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized access.

21
Q

Decryption

A

The process of decoding encrypted data.

22
Q

Symmetric Encryption

A

Encryption using the same key for both encrypting and decrypting data

23
Q

Public Key Encryption

A

Uses a pair of keys (public for encryption

24
Q

SSL/TLS

A

Standards for cryptographically secured information transfer on the Internet.

25
Q

Certificate Authorities

A

Organizations issuing digital certificates to verify ownership of encryption keys for secure communications.

26
Q

Malware

A

Software designed to harm or take control over a computer.

27
Q

Keylogging Software

A

Malware that records every key pressed by the user.

28
Q

Computer Virus

A

Malware that spreads and infects other computers by attaching to legitimate programs.

29
Q

Antivirus Software

A

Software designed to scan for and eliminate malware.

30
Q

Firewall

A

A security system controlling connections between a computer/network and the outside world.

31
Q

Phishing

A

A security attack tricking victims into surrendering personal information or downloading malware.

32
Q

DDoS Attack

A

A distributed denial of service attack that floods a server with requests to deny service to legitimate users.

33
Q

Rogue Access Point

A

An unauthorized wireless access point providing access to a secure network.

34
Q

Digital Divide

A

Unequal access to computers and the Internet based on various socio-economic factors.

35
Q

Citizen Science

A

Scientific research conducted partly by non-scientists contributing data via computing devices.

36
Q

Crowdsourcing

A

Using the Internet to gather a large group of people to solve problems

37
Q

Computing Innovation

A

Can be physical

38
Q

Bit

A

The smallest unit of data

39
Q

Byte

A

Eight bits.

40
Q

Word

A

The number of bits processed by a CPU at a time

41
Q

Binary Sequence (Bitstream)

A

A string of ones and zeros representing digital data.

42
Q

Analog Data

A

Data with values that change smoothly

43
Q

Sampling

A

Measuring analog signal values at regular intervals.

44
Q

Sampling Rate

A

The number of samples of an analog signal measured per second.

45
Q

Width

A

The number of bits a CPU processes at a time.

46
Q

Scientific Notation and Floating Point

A

Methods for representing very large or small values using powers of ten (scientific notation) or two (floating point).

47
Q

Lossless Compression

A

Data compression algorithms that allow for the original data to be perfectly reconstructed.

48
Q

Lossy Compression

A

Data compression algorithms that result in an approximation of the original data

AP Computer Science Principles (1 decks)

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