Interspecific Relationships

Question 1

Interspecific Competition

Answer 1

A form of competition in which individuals of  different  species  compete for the same resources in an ecosystem (e.g. food or living space)

Question 2

Symbiosis

Answer 2

A close relationship (direct contact) between two different species where at least one benefits

Question 3

Symbiotic Relationships

Answer 3

Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism

Question 4

Parasitism

Answer 4

Exploitation involving a typically smaller species (the parasite) living on or in a larger species (the host) harming it.
+/-

Question 5

Mutualism

Answer 5

Both individuals of different species benefit

+/+

Question 6

Commensalism

Answer 6

Competition over non food related activity where one species benefits and the other is not affected
+/0

Question 7

Mutualism

Answer 7

+/+

Question 8

Parasitism

Answer 8

+/-

Question 9

Commensalism

Answer 9

+/0

Question 10

Parasitic Plant

Answer 10

Derives sustenance from another plant

Question 11

Hemi-parasite

Answer 11

Partially dependent on the host for survival deriving only some sustenance and producing some of its own nutrients

Question 12

Obligate-parasite

Answer 12

Totally dependent on the health and survival of the host plant and derives all sustenance from the host, true parasitic

Question 13

Haustorium

Answer 13

Specialism root of parasitic plant that can penetrate bark to connect to xylem and phloem to derive water and food from host

Question 14

Epiphyte

Answer 14

A plant that gains huge ecological benefits from living on a larger plant without affecting it

Question 15

Brood Parasite

Answer 15

Organisms that rely on others to raise their young

Question 16

Exploritation

Answer 16

Any interspecific relationship where one species benefits while the other is harmed

Question 17

Herbivory

Answer 17

An animal that eats plant material

Question 18

Coevolution

Answer 18

Adaptations of the animal and plant species it eats

Question 19

Predation

Answer 19

One animal (predator) feeds on another animal (prey)

Question 20

Morphological Defences

Answer 20

Structural adaptations of prey (eg. thorns, modified leaves and hairs)

Question 21

Behavioural Defences

Answer 21

Acts performed by prey to avoid or reduce predation

Question 22

Crypsis

Answer 22

Ability of an animal to avoid observation or detection by other animals

Question 23

Crypsis Behaviours

Answer 23

Camouflage
Nocturnality
Subterranean lifestyle (underground)
Mimicry

Question 24

Aposematism

Answer 24

Signal from prey that they are harmful to consume, mutualism relationship

Question 25

Mimicry

Answer 25

Species resembles / ‘mimics’ another in some way

Question 26

Batesian Mimicry

Answer 26

The model species is dangerous for predator to consume so will avoid anything that looks similar

Question 27

Mullerian Mimicry

Answer 27

Poisonous species that share a common predator mimic each others warning signals

Question 28

Aggressive Mimicry

Answer 28

Predators mimic features of a harmless species allowing them to avoid being correctly identified by prey

Question 29

Gausse Principle

Answer 29

Two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist if their ecological niches are the same

Question 30

Fundamental Niche

Answer 30

The total tolerance range of a species

Question 31

Realised Niche

Answer 31

Narrower niche due to overlap of fundamental niches causing competition

Question 32

Stratification

Answer 32

Formation of layers (canopy, sub-canopy, shrub and ground), mainly caused by the abiotic factor of sunlight

Question 33

Zonation

Answer 33

Division of a community into distinct zone based gradients such as altitude

Question 34

Succession

Answer 34

Changes in community composition over time Primary: not previously supported life Secondary: previously supported life

Question 35

Antibiosis

Answer 35

Contest competition with a winner and loser

Question 36

Allelopathy

Answer 36

Type of antibiosis where one organism produces biochemicals that influence the organism it is competing against

Question 37

Positive Allelopathy

Answer 37

Allelochemicals that are beneficial to the growth, reproduction and survival of competing organism

Question 38

Negative Allelopathy

Answer 38

Allelochemicals that are detrimental to the growth, reproduction and survival of competing organism