Intervenous Flashcards
(30 cards)
IV solutions
5% Dextrose in H20
(D5W)
to maintain h20 balence and supply calories necessary for cell metabolism
0.9 Sodium Cloride (NS)
(Isotonic )
- initial fluid & electrolyte replacement in all types of hypovolemia
- cardiac arrest
Lactated Ringers
(isotonic) -initial fluid replacement -cadiac arrest (maylead to vol. overload or CHF) CAUTION * cx w/ liver disease or anorexia *low sodium w/ multiple infusions
IV flow rate calulation
Volume x drip rate (gtts)
________________________ = ml/ minute
minutes
BLOOD
Composition of blood
Plasma
Leukocytes
Erthrocytes
Thrombocytes
Why would one need Blood Transfustion
Trauma Anemia Hemmorrage Lukemia Liver disorder surgery Thrombocyhemia Burns
who can administer Blood via IV
RN/Dr
if blood is not used…
send it back to blood bank
Auto Transfustion
Cx can save his/ her own blood for use if needed during/after surgery
Before transfusion what needs to happen?
- patient is type + cross matched to check blood type + Rh factor between donor and reciepient
- basline of vitals
- positive Id by 2 nurses
Large Bore IV for Blood (guage size)
18 Guage
what is blood infused with?
Normal saline
dextrose + LR induce clotting
infusions must happen within what time frame?
4 hours transfusion should be complete
tin the first 15 minutes blood infusion should be no greater then ….
2mls/ minute
RN remain with Cx for first 15 minutes because
reactions typically occur in first 15 minutes
Monitor VITALS
15 minutes
30 minutes then
hourly
Blood Transfusion Reactions (4)
Allergic
Febrile
Hemolytic
Circulatory
BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
Allergic- most common type of reaction
body reacts to plasma protein
results in -hives
-itching
-anaphylaxis
mild-severe within 30 minutes for several hours
treat with antihistamines
BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
Febrile-
sudden fever during or within 24 hours
- severe shaking
- sweating
- tachycardia
- chills
- Temp > 38.5 c
Response to WBC
Treatment
Acetaminophen
BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
Hemolytic -( Most serious reaction)
cause-
incompatible blood
(antibodies attack RBC- hemolyze = harmful substance in bloodstream)
S+S lower back pain nausea chills/fever hypotension
occurs in 15 minutes
* stop immediately * call Dr
BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
circulatory overload
higher risk when
- larger transfusion
- cardiac or renal insufficiency
monitor for dyspnea and crackles
Dr may order furosemide between units
BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS nursing responsibilities (9)
- stop transfusion
- maintain patient IV (NS)
- Notify bloodbank and Dr- Stat
- moniter -Vitals +; urine output
- recheck identifying tags and #
- treat symptoms( dr order)
- save and send blood bag/ tubing to bank
- transfusion reaction report
- document on pt. chart
packed red blood cells
(requires blood filter)
used to…
COMPATABILITY REQUIRED *
oxygen carrying
volume expansion
Fresh Frozen plasma
needs to be thawed in..
30 minutes
