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Intervention Flashcards

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1
Q

What are evidence-based interventions?

A

Interventions that meet specific methodological criteria and have demonstrated efficacy through rigorous research.

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2
Q

What is a randomized control trial (RCT)?

A

A study design that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to measure the effectiveness of an intervention.

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3
Q

List the 5 methodological criteria for evidence-based research.

A
  • Group design (RCT)
  • Independent variables operationalized
  • Population operationalized
  • Reliable/valid outcome assessments
  • Appropriate analysis with sufficient power
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4
Q

What constitutes Level 1 evidence in intervention efficacy?

A

Well-established treatments that have been proven effective through multiple rigorous studies.

shown efficancy in more than 2 settings, more than 2 different research teams. reasearch shows statistically signifcnat gains, and a level of gain that is equal to other established trestments.

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5
Q

Define Level 2 interventions.

A

Probably efficacious interventions supported by at least two good experiments.

  • 2 good experiemtns that show that the intervention is superior to a waitlist contorl (but not active control group), more than 1 study by 2 teams.
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6
Q

What characterizes a Level 3 intervention?

A

Possibly efficacious interventions superior to a waitlist control, validated by more than one study from different teams.

one good study with waitlist trial - all 5 methods are complete. atleast 3 clinical studies that show efficacy (small and case studies)

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7
Q

True or False: Level 4 interventions are considered established treatments.

A

False

New, dont have data yet

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Level 5 interventions?

A

questionably efficatious; group design, but shown that it has been
inferior to the control, or to comparable treatment

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9
Q

What is the challenge of establishing evidence-based interventions?

A

The need for solid research design and the availability of diverse therapies that may lack evidence.

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10
Q

What is the significance of early intervention in autism treatment?

A

Early intervention is believed to be more effective due to brain plasticity and the potential for adaptation.

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11
Q

What is the developmental cascade model?

A

A concept suggesting that early skills provide a foundation for the development of additional skills.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Brain ________ refers to the brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize itself.

A

plasticity

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13
Q

What are susceptibility genes?

A

Genes that increase the likelihood of developing autism when combined with environmental factors.

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14
Q

What is epigenetics in the context of autism?

A

The study of how environmental factors can turn genes on or off, affecting brain development.

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15
Q

True or False: Later interventions are ineffective.

A

False

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16
Q

What are the three categories of interventions?

A
  • Comprehensive Treatment Programs
  • Focal Interventions
  • Alternative or Experimental Treatments
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17
Q

What is Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)?

A

A behavioral intervention rooted in principles of operant conditioning, used to improve various skills in individuals with autism.

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18
Q

What are some examples of focal interventions?

A
  • Language interventions
  • Interventions for behavior/sensory issues
  • Social Skills interventions
  • Interventions for mental health
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19
Q

What are alternative treatments?

A

Therapies that lack solid evidence and are often based on anecdotal reports.

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20
Q

What is chelation therapy?

A

An alternative treatment aimed at removing heavy metals from the body, controversially linked to autism treatment.

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21
Q

What is the risk associated with rebirthing therapy?

A

It has been linked to dangerous practices, including suffocation.

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22
Q

What are some potential harms of unproven therapies?

A
  • Time taken away from effective therapies
  • Financial strain on families
  • Loss of hope and discouragement
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23
Q

What is the role of the Autism Research Institute?

A

To provide information and research on autism treatments and therapies.

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24
Q

List some emerging treatments for autism.

A
  • Stem cell therapies
  • Medical marijuana
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25
True or False: Brain plasticity is restricted to childhood.
False
26
What are the two models mentioned in relation to evidence-based interventions?
Early Start Denver Model and Pivotal Response Training ## Footnote These models focus on different aspects of intervention for children with ASD.
27
What is the primary focus of Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)?
Reduce problem behaviors through structured intervention techniques ## Footnote ABA techniques include operant conditioning and teaching learning skills.
28
Who made the Lovaas Method public and when?
Lovaas in the 1960s ## Footnote The Lovaas Method was influential in the development of ABA techniques.
29
What are the ABC components in the ABC behavioral model?
A = Antecedents, B = Behaviors, C = Consequences ## Footnote This model helps in understanding the factors that sustain or change behaviors.
30
What key ingredients are involved in discrete trials within ABA?
Distraction-free environment, teaching spontaneous functional skills, breaking down complex behaviors ## Footnote Techniques like chaining, prompting, and fading are also used.
31
What is the goal of Early Intensive Behavior Intervention (EIBI)?
To provide intensive and directive therapy for children 2-5 years, for 1-4 years of therapy ## Footnote Typically involves 30-40 hours per week of 1:1 therapy.
32
What are some criticisms of the traditional Lovaas method?
Intrusiveness, lack of consideration for child's state, and controversy over effectiveness ## Footnote Critics argue it may not be developmentally informed.
33
What is Naturalistic Developmental Behavior Interventions (NDBI)?
Modification of Lovaas focusing on natural environments and developmental strategies ## Footnote NDBI aims to improve function using developmentally appropriate skills.
34
What does Pivotal Response Training focus on?
Improving pivotal skills that lead to collateral effects in development - done by parents, sibs, and teachers - motivation, responsivity to multiple ques, self initiatoin and empathy ## Footnote Emphasizes motivation, self-initiation, and social engagement.
35
What age group does the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) target?
Infants and toddlers aged 12-48 months (1-4 yearz) - combined pivotal response training and denver model - 15-20 hours a week - ABA - social communucation and relationship training - joint activity - parents do it with clinician oversight - embedded into daily life so knowlege is more transferrable ## Footnote imitation, emotion sharing, joint attention
36
True or False: ESDM is less invasive and more child-led compared to traditional Lovaas methods.
True ## Footnote The ESDM approach focuses on naturalistic settings and child interests.
37
What is the approach of Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?
Identifying triggers and maintaining factors of behavior ## Footnote FBA uses an ABC model to analyze behavior patterns.
38
What is the goal of Positive Behavioral Support (PBS)?
Decrease problematic behavior by making desired behavior more likely ## Footnote PBS focuses on proactive strategies rather than reactive ones.
39
Fill in the blank: The ________ model emphasizes the use of natural reinforcers in interventions.
Naturalistic Developmental Behavior Interventions ## Footnote NDBIs integrate behavioral learning with developmental science.
40
What are the primary areas of focus in pivotal response training?
* Motivation * Responsivity to multiple cues * Self-initiation * Empathy ## Footnote These areas are crucial for developing other complex skills.
41
What is one potential drawback of Early Intensive Behavior Intervention?
It is extremely costly and can create stress on families ## Footnote Some studies indicate it may not improve outcomes for all children.
42
What do social scripts aim to provide for children with ASD?
Guidance on social interactions ## Footnote Scripts can help children navigate social situations more effectively.
43
What is the purpose of a Functional Communication Training?
To teach alternative communication methods to replace challenging behaviors ## Footnote It focuses on developing functional communication skills.
44
What is the role of parents in Pivotal Response Training?
Primary intervention agents with teachers providing supplemental therapy ## Footnote Parents are actively involved in the intervention process.
45
What do Social Stories aim to achieve?
Clarify problematic situations for children ## Footnote They help children understand and prepare for social scenarios.
46
What is the first step in preventive strategies for crisis response?
Removing things from the situation ## Footnote This is followed by removing people and eventually the child themselves.
47
What is the last resort in crisis intervention?
Restraint of the child ## Footnote Restraint should only be performed by specially trained individuals.
48
What should be done if a child is not restrained and becomes out of control?
Ignore lower level problem behaviour ## Footnote Early intervention is key to prevent escalation.
49
What type of interventions are rooted in behavioral procedures?
Evidence-based interventions ## Footnote These include interventions based on Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
50
What are some types of evidence-based interventions?
* Language interventions * Interventions for behavior/sensory issues * Social skills interventions * Interventions for mental health * Comprehensive treatment programs ## Footnote Comprehensive treatment programs are supported by research, such as Odom 2010.
51
What is the funding level for Low Incidence Designation, Level II in BC Schools?
Approximately $18,000 per year ## Footnote This supports individual students with specific needs.
52
What is an IEP?
Individual Education Plan ## Footnote Designed specifically for students with their unique needs in mind.
53
Who coordinates discussions and problem-solving for IEPs?
Integration Support/Case Manager ## Footnote Ensures the IEP is up to date.
54
What are Itinerant Services in special education?
Services provided by specialists such as DEB, OC, SLP, and physiotherapists ## Footnote They support educational assistants in inclusive settings.
55
What is the purpose of outreach programs like POPARD?
To address behavioral problems ## Footnote However, they are not specifically for children with ASD.
56
What is the goal for teachers in supporting children with ASD?
To help the child access all aspects of their educational program within an inclusive school setting ## Footnote This involves participation in case management and delivery of specific curriculum.
57
What are some strategies for improving social functioning in the classroom?
* Carefully selected peers in small groups * Programs or clubs that mirror student interests ## Footnote These create natural social environments.
58
What are some community supports for children with social skills difficulties?
* Social skills groups * Psychotherapies (individual, family) * Informal groups and activities ## Footnote Examples include organizations like LDA and Monarch House.
59
What are the 'big 6' suggestions for communication in school contexts?
* Avoid sarcasm and abstract speech * Use concrete language * Use visual supports * Check for understanding * Verbal scripts * Be aware of pragmatics ## Footnote These strategies enhance effective communication.
60
What should be done with restricted and repetitive behaviors?
Allow them unless they are disruptive or dangerous ## Footnote Encourage passions and build interests around them.
61
What is a key strategy for managing sensory needs in the classroom?
Create a sensory smart classroom ## Footnote This involves reducing sensory overload and providing sensory tools.
62
What is the importance of visual schedules in the classroom?
They reduce anxiety and provide structure ## Footnote Visual schedules can be individual or class-wide.
63
Fill in the blank: The transition to adult services is managed by _______.
CLBC – Personalized Supports Initiative ## Footnote This initiative provides adaptive supports for individuals under 55.
64
True or False: All children in the school system will have full-time educational assistants.
False ## Footnote Schools cluster children together with educational assistants.

Autism (10 decks)

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