Interventions for patients with neurological dysfunction Flashcards
Motor program =
a set of perstructured mm commands that, when initiated, results in the production of a coordinated mvmnt sequence (learned task)
can be carried out largely uninfluenced by peripheral feedback
Motor plan =
an overall strategy for mvmnt
an action sequence requiring the coordination of a number of motor programs
Feedback =
afferent information sent by various sensory receptors to control centers
Feedforward =
readies the system in advance of movement
anticipatory responses that adjust the system for incoming sensory feedback or for future movements
Motor learning
a change in the capability of a person to perform a skill
the result of practice or experience
Measures of motor learning include
performance
retention
generalizability
resistance to contextual change
Measures of motor learning - performance
determine overall quality of performance, level of automaticity, level of effort, speed of decision making
Measures of motor learning - retention
the ability to demonstrate the skill after a period of no practice
Measures of motor learning - generalizability
the acquired capability to apply what has been learned to other similar tasks
Measures of motor learnng - resistance to contextual change
acquired ability to apply what has been learned to other environmental contexts
Motor learning - feedback - intrinsic feedback
sensory info normally acquired during performance of a task
Motor learning - feedback - augmented feedback
externally presented feedback that is added to that normally acquired during task performance
ex = verbal cues
Motor learning - feedback 0 knowledge of performance
augmented feedback about the nature of the movement produced (movement characteristics)
Motor learning - feedback - feedback schedules
feedback given after every trial, feedback summed after set number of trials, fading (dec), or bandwidth
Motor learning - practice - blocked practice
practice of a single motor skill repeatedly; repetitive practice
Motor learning - practice - variable practice
practice of varied motor skills in which the performer is required to make rapid modifications of the skill in order to match demands of the task
Motor learning - practice - random practice
practice of a group or class of motor skills in random order
motor learning - practice - serial practice
practice of a group or class of motor skills in serial or predictable order
Motor learning - practice - massed practice
relatively continuous practice in which the amount of rest time is small (rest time less than practice time)
Motor learning - practice - distributed practice
practice in which the rest time is relatively large (practice is less than rest)
Motor learning - practice - mental practice
cognitive rehearsal of a motor skill without overt physical performance
Motor learning - transfer
the effects of having previous practice of a skill or skills upon the learning of a new skill or upon performance in a new context
transfer may either be positive or negative
Motor learning - transfer - part whole transfer
a learning technique in which a complex motor task is broken down into its component or subordinate parts for separate practice before practice of integrated whole
Motor learning - transfer - bilateral transfer
improvement in movement skill performance with one limb results from practice of similar movements with opposite limb
