Interviewing Suspects - complete Flashcards
What were the key concerns with police interviewing?
Baldwin (1992) - lack of preparation, general ineptitude, assumption of guilt.
What were the key points advised for police interviewing?
Baldwin (1992) - preparation and planning, rapport building and interviewers social skills.
What is PEACE?
Preparation and planning Engage and explain Account Closure Evaluation
What was Clarke and Milne’s (2001) evaluation?
Examined 177 actual interviews of suspects evaluating officers skills in peace
Improvement found in interviewing compared to previous criticisms But Poor use of techniques Little routine supervision, misunderstanding of PEACE model 10% interviews breached PEACE
Recommended - interview plans should be requirement and refreshed training to concentrate on obtaining interviewee’s account
What are the Tiers of police interviewing?
Tier 1 - basic, uncomplicated interviews for uniform officers
Tier 2- enhanced interview skills more complex crime (CID etc.)
Tier 3 - Specialist interviewer for murders, complex crime
Tier 4 - Reviewer/ assessor level for lower tiers
Tier 5- Tactical Interview Manager, deploy tactics for interviews in serious criminal cases
What are the implications for PEACE?
Soukara et al. (2009) no longer focused on gaining admission
Kassin et al. (2004) Collaboration between law enforcement, legal profession to better evaluation of interview methods
Soukara et al (2002) Detective identified most important aspect of interview was Preparation
What is the Reid Technique?
Inbau et al. (1986)
Method of questioning subjects assess credibility through non accusatory interview process. If information indicates subjects probable involvement in commission of crime an accusatory interrogation is initiated.
What is Inbau et al’s technique?
Impressing suspect and breaking down any resistance the suspect may have in order to be questioned
What is Baldwin’s technique?
Essentially information gathering requiring certain skills
Used in England and Wales where trickery and deceit associated with Inbau’s technique would make a confession inadmissible under PACE
What types of False Confessions are there?
Kassin 1997
Voluntary
Coerced Compliant
Coerced Internalised
Give real life cases where a false confession has been given.
The Birmingham Six - served 16 years in jail wrongfully convicted
Stefan Kiszko - Convicted of sexual murder spent 16 years in prison wrongfully convicted
What is the current and future research?
Dando et al. (2013)
Researching technique used by many experienced police officers with PEACE not Reid
“Drip Disclosure” - a strategic test used to identify liars from those telling the truth
