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Interwar Flashcards

Test Review (66 cards)

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1
Q

What year was the League of Nations established?

A

1920

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2
Q

What significant amendment was passed in 1920 in the USA?

A

19th amendment, women get the right to vote

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3
Q

What was the Treaty of Rapallo and when was it signed?

A

A treaty between Germany and Russia to renounce reparations, signed in 1922

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4
Q

What economic crisis occurred in Germany in 1923?

A

Hyperinflation

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5
Q

What was the Dawes Plan?

A

A plan to help Germany pay reparations by extending loans, implemented in 1924

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6
Q

What was the purpose of the Locarno Pact?

A

To guarantee peace between Germany, France, and Belgium

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7
Q

What did the Geneva Protocol of 1925 endorse?

A

Submitting disputes involving international law to the Hague

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8
Q

What was the significance of the Young Plan?

A

It lowered Germany’s reparation payments by 75% after the 1929 crisis

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9
Q

What major event marked the beginning of the Great Depression in the USA?

A

Stock Market Crash in 1929

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10
Q

What was one of the major causes of the Great Depression?

A

Unequal distribution of wealth

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11
Q

What was the role of the League of Nations?

A

An organization to handle international disputes

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12
Q

What was the Maginot Line?

A

A French fortification built to defend against Germany

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The first concentration camp established in Germany was _______.

A

Dachau

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14
Q

True or False: The League of Nations was successful in maintaining world peace.

A

False

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15
Q

What was the outcome of the Stresa Conference of 1935?

A

Failed attempt to secure Austria’s independence

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16
Q

Who was the first president of the Weimar Republic?

A

Friedrich Ebert

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17
Q

What was the purpose of the Washington Naval Conference in 1922?

A

To decrease military power among major naval nations

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18
Q

What did the Pact of Paris (Kellogg-Briand Pact) renounce?

A

War, unless in legitimate self-defense

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19
Q

What was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

A purge within the Nazi Party to eliminate rivals

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20
Q

What was the major consequence of the Reichstag Fire in 1933?

A

Provided Hitler a pretext to persecute communists

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21
Q

What political strategy did Hitler utilize to consolidate power after becoming Chancellor?

A

The Enabling Act, granting him dictatorial powers

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22
Q

What was the significance of the Munich Putsch in 1923?

A

Failed coup attempt that led to Hitler’s imprisonment and writing of Mein Kampf

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23
Q

What did the Enabling Act allow Hitler to do?

A

Make laws without Parliament approval for four years

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24
Q

What was the main goal of the Nazi Party?

A

To unite all Germans and repudiate the Versailles Treaty

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25
Fill in the blank: The first transatlantic flight was completed by _______ in 1927.
Charles Lindbergh
26
What event marked the beginning of World War II?
Invasion of Poland in 1939
27
What economic measures did Gustav Stresemann implement in Germany?
Stabilized inflation and currency, negotiated Dawes and Young Plans
28
Who was the head of the SS and Gestapo?
Heinrich Himmler
29
What was the significance of the 21st Amendment in 1933?
It repealed Prohibition
30
What was a major social change in Britain after WWI?
Women over 30 gained the right to vote
31
What was the role of the Irish Republican Army?
To force the British to negotiate for Irish independence
32
What was the impact of the Great Depression on the USA?
High unemployment and economic struggles
33
What was one effect of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
Economic hardship and resentment
34
Fill in the blank: The __________ was a German plan to increase industrial production and create a command economy.
Five Year Plans
35
What did the German Workers Party later become known as?
The Nazi Party
36
What was the primary purpose of the League's Permanent Court of International Justice?
To pass judgments on international disputes
37
What was the purpose of the Little Entente?
To secure alliances against potential German aggression
38
What was the significance of the Anschluss in 1938?
Annexation of Austria by Germany
39
What was the primary focus of the Nazi propaganda led by Joseph Goebbels?
To promote Nazi ideology and anti-Semitism
40
What event in February provided Hitler an excuse to persecute communists?
The Reichstag fire ## Footnote A communist was arrested for the crime, allowing Hitler to suppress the communist party.
41
What legislation did Hitler introduce to consolidate his power as a dictator?
The Enabling Act ## Footnote This act allowed Hitler to make laws without Parliament approval for four years.
42
What was the outcome of the Night of the Long Knives?
Around 100 SA leaders were killed ## Footnote Hitler aimed to eliminate old political opponents and solidify his power.
43
What was the primary educational focus for youth in Nazi Germany?
Teaching loyalty to Nazi ideas and the state ## Footnote Non-Aryan races were depicted as inferior in lessons.
44
What was the result of Kristallnacht for German Jews?
Looting, violence, and thousands sent to labor camps ## Footnote The mass murder of Jews began in 1942, significantly reducing the Jewish population in Germany.
45
What were the two revolutionary parties fighting for Armenian rights?
* Henchak * Dashnaktsutyun ## Footnote These parties sought self-determination for Armenians within the Ottoman Empire.
46
What were the Hamidian massacres?
Atrocities carried out by Ottoman forces against Armenians ## Footnote They were a response to Armenian resistance to oppressive taxes.
47
What was the Young Turk movement?
A group of reformers in the Ottoman Empire seeking governance change ## Footnote They became militant and suspicious of Armenians during their rule.
48
What legislation initiated the Armenian Genocide?
Legislation passed by the Ottoman government for the genocide ## Footnote Armenians were forcibly removed from their homes and subjected to death marches.
49
What was the consequence of the Armenian Genocide?
90 percent of Armenians gone from Turkey ## Footnote Survivors had to assimilate into Turkish culture, losing their identity.
50
What incident served as a pretext for Japan's invasion of Manchuria?
The Mukden Incident ## Footnote A railway explosion blamed on Chinese nationalists but actually planted by the Japanese army.
51
What was established by Japan after taking over Manchuria?
The puppet state of Manchukuo ## Footnote Japan's invasion included significant atrocities like the Nanjing massacre.
52
What was the purpose of Unit 731?
Human experimentation on POWs to test biological weapons ## Footnote After the war, those involved faced no consequences due to U.S. immunity deals.
53
What was a significant feature of FDR's New Deal?
Creation of 16 agencies to combat the Great Depression ## Footnote This expanded government involvement in the economy.
54
What act ensured bank deposits during the Great Depression?
Glass-Steagall Act ## Footnote It banned commercial banks from investing in stock markets.
55
What did the Social Security Act provide?
Retirement pensions and welfare for struggling families ## Footnote Funded by taxes to support economic stability.
56
What was the Gestapo?
Nazi Germany's secret police ## Footnote It targeted political opponents, Jews, and LGBTQ individuals with brutal tactics.
57
What was the purpose of OVRA in Fascist Italy?
To silence opposition and spread fascist propaganda ## Footnote It used surveillance and harsh interrogations to maintain control.
58
What was the Kempeitai?
Japanese military police known for torture and executions ## Footnote They targeted anyone against Japanese rule and had concentration camps in occupied territories.
59
What were the main purposes of Nazi concentration camps?
* Imprisoning political threats * Eliminating targeted groups * Exploiting forced labor ## Footnote Established shortly after Hitler became chancellor.
60
Which camp served as the blueprint for all future concentration camps?
Dachau ## Footnote It became the training center for SS concentration camp guards.
61
What was Gandhi's concept of satyagraha?
The act of peaceful protest ## Footnote It was a pivotal strategy in India's struggle for independence.
62
What was the primary reason for Indian reluctance to fight in WW2?
Belief that it was Britain's fight, not theirs ## Footnote Many protested against participating in the war.
63
What initiated the Spanish Civil War?
A coup attempt by Franco and others against the left-wing government ## Footnote This escalated into a full-blown civil war.
64
What were the two main groups in the Spanish Civil War?
* Republicans (left) * Nationalists (right) ## Footnote Republicans included socialists and communists; nationalists led by Franco.
65
What was the Munich Agreement?
An agreement that allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland ## Footnote It aimed to avoid war by appeasing Hitler.
66
What lesson does the Munich Agreement illustrate?
Appeasement often does not work ## Footnote It highlights the risks of prioritizing short-term peace over long-term stability.

20th Century History (2 decks)

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