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Interwar, World War II and Holocaust Vocab (3.2) > Interwar, World War II and Holocaust Vocab (3.2) > Flashcards

Interwar, World War II and Holocaust Vocab (3.2) Flashcards

History (72 cards)

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1
Q

Dictator

A

A ruler with absolute power who maintains control through force or manipulation

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2
Q

Totalitarianism

A

A political system where the state controls nearly every aspect of public and private life

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3
Q

Authoritarianism

A

A governmental system with strong central power and limited political freedoms

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4
Q

Facism

A

An extreme right-wing nationalist political ideology emphasizing state power and suppression of opposition

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5
Q

Communism

A

A political and economic system advocating for collective ownership and classless social structure

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6
Q

League of Nations

A

International organization formed after World War I to prevent future conflicts

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7
Q

Mussolini

A

Founder of the Fascist Party in Italy, ruled as a dictator from 1922-1943

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8
Q

Bands of Combat

A

“Italian fighting bands” Fascist organization created by Mussolini

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9
Q

March on Rome

A

1922 event in which Benito Mussolini and his fascist supporters marched to the Italian capital to seize power

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10
Q

Chamber of Deputies

A

Lower house in a parliamentary or legislative body, responsible for legislation

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11
Q

Battle of Births

A

Democratic campaign aimed at increasing the italian population in 1927 to 50 million by 1950

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12
Q

Battle of Wheat

A

Fascist plan of agrarian development, aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in wheat, Italy’s main crop

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13
Q

Tsar

A

An Emperor of Russia before 1917

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14
Q

Romanov

A

The imperial dynasty that ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917, ended with the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family during the Russian Revolution

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15
Q

Crimean War

A

Military conflict fought primarily in the Crimean peninsula, involving an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, France and Sardinia against the Russian Empire

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16
Q

Alexander II

A

Tsar (Emperor) of Russia from 1855-81- Emancipated serfdom

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17
Q

Sergei Witte

A

Russian statesman who served as the first “Prime Minister” of the Russian Empire, replacing the Tsar as head of government (was not liberal or conservative, attracted foreign capital to boost Russia’s industrialization)

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18
Q

Trans-siberian Railroad

A

Major railway line in Russia, connecting Moscow to Vladivostok, which was a crucial engineering feat that facilitated trade, migration and military support, significantly impacting Russian and global history

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19
Q

Kulaks

A

Prosperous peasants who were seen as class enemies by the Bolsheviks and later Stalin, targeted during collectivization

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20
Q

Zemstvos

A

System of elected local assemblies in Russia established in 1864 by Tsar Alexander II, to administer local affairs, especially after the abolition of serfdom

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21
Q

Bloddy Sunday

A

The violent suppression of a peaceful demonstration in St. Petersburg, Russia, on January 22 1905, when soldiers of the Imperial Guard opened fire on unarmed workers and their families, marking a turning point in the 1905 Russian Revolution

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22
Q

October Manifesto

A

Pivotal document in Russian history that promised significant political reforms, including civil liberties, established the Duma and limits on the Tsar’s power, and marked a shift towards a constitutional monarchy

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23
Q

Soviet

A

Comes from the Russian word “sovet” which means “council” - Soviets were the workers council that followed a socialist ideology, in the context of the Russian Revolution- refers to the USSR (Union of Soviet Republics) communist state that existed from 1922 to 1991

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24
Q

Duma

A

The elected legislative assembly or lower house of the Parliament in Russia- established in 1906, dissolved in 1917, revived in 1993 (after the collapse of the Soviet Union)

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25
Rasputin
Siberian peasant monk, and self-proclaimed mystic with serious influence over the Romanov family (religious advisor) at the end of the Russian Empire, was controversial for his decisions and later assassinated by noblemen who feared that he would weaken the Monarchy with his far-fetched ideas.
26
Bolsheviks
Radical faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) led by Vladimir Lenin, supported the establishment of the first communist state
27
V.I Lenin
-Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, established the first communist state
28
Karl Marx
German philosopher, economist, and sociologist, co-authored the Communist Manifesto (history is driven by class struggle and the mode of production, ultimately leading to a communist revolution and a classless society)
29
Dual Revolution
A revolution that involves revolt or uprising by two different groups in society (ie, peasants and proletariat)
30
February Revolution
First of two revolutions in Russia that led to the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy and the establishment of a Provisional Government
31
Cheka
First Soviet secret police organization (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission) which later evolved into the KGB
32
Red Army
Armed forces of the Russian Soviet Republic (and later Soviet Union) formed in 1918 to defend the Bolshevik regime during the Russian Civil War
33
White Army
-Collection of anti-communist forces that opposed the Bolsheviks
34
Gosplan
The central planning agency of the Soviet Union, responsible for creating and implementing 5 year plans and other economic policies
35
Commanding Heights
the segments of the economy that largely control or support others, such as oil, railroads, banking and steel
36
Trotsky
Prominent marxist revolutionary and key figure in the Russian Revolution, leader of the Red Army
37
Stalin
Soviet leader who succeeded Lenin, known for brutal totalitarian rule
38
Weimar Republic
Democratic government of Germany from 1919 to 1933, established after WWI and named after the city where its constitution was adopted- faced significant challenges like economic instability and political extremism that paved the way for the rise of the Nazi Party
39
Adolf Hitler
Leader of Nazi Germany, responsible for World War II and the Holocaust
40
Nazi Party
Adolf Hitler's political party in Germany, characterized by racist and antisemitic ideology
41
Chancellor
Head of the federal government in Germany
42
Anti-Semitism
Prejudice, discrimination, or hatred directed specifically at Jewish people
43
Nuremberg Laws
Racist legal codes in Nazi Germany that marginalized and persecuted Jewish citizens
44
Kristallnacht
"The Night of Broken Glass"-- Nazi dictatorship's declaration of war against German and Austrian Jews in November 1938
45
Appeasment
Giving into what another party/opposing side wants in order to prevent further conflict or disagreement
46
Mao Zedong
Chinese revolutionary leader, first chairman of the People's Republic of China (first Chinese communist government)
47
Neville Chamberlain
British Prime Minister who initially pursued a policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany
48
Nazi- Soviet Non- Aggression Pact
A treaty signed in August 1930 between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, promising mutual non-aggression and containing a secret protocol dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of influence
49
The Rhineland
A region in western Germany along the Rhine River, historically significant due to its resources and strategic location, key area of conflict in the interwar period and during WWII
50
Munich Conference
1938 meeting in Munich where leaders from Britain, France, Germany and Italy agreed to allow Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, hoping to appease Hitler and prevent war
51
Invasion of Poland
Marked the start of WWII, Nazi Germany launched a surprise attack on Poland, followed by the Soviet Union's invasion from the east on September 17
52
Axis Powers
Military alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II
53
Blitzkrieg
German military tactic of rapid, overwhelming attack
54
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister during World War II who led resistance against Nazi aggression
55
The Blitz
Sustained bombing campaign by German Luftwaffe against British cities, particularly London, from September 1940 to May 1941, a period of intense aerial bombardment
56
Pearl Harbor
The surprise military attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7tgh 1941, leading to the US entry into WWII
57
Yatla Peace Conference
WWII meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the UK, and the Soviet Union to discuss Europe's post-war reorganization
58
Potsdam Peace Conferance
Meeting of the allied leaders (Harry Truman, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin) to discuss the post-war order in Europe and the administration of Germany after WWII (included demilitarization, denazification, and the future of territories affected by the war)
59
FDR
32nd president of the US from 1933-1945 (during WWII and Depression)
60
D-Day
Allied invasion of Normandy, France in June 1944, a turning point in World War II
61
Battle of the Bulge
Last major German offensive on the Western Front during WWII, surprise attack launched in Dec. 1944 in the Ardennes Forest of Belgium and Luxembourg
62
V-E Day
"Victory in Europe" commemorates the formal acceptance of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender by the Allied forces on May 8th 1945, marked the end of the war in Europe
63
Island hopping/leap forging
Military strategy used by the allies to advance through the Pacific, focusing on capturing strategically important lands while by-paassing heavily fortified ones, eventually enabling them to attack the Japanese mainland
64
Banzai charges
A tactic used by Japanese soldiers against American soldiers when they were losing WWII (usually suicide charges)
65
Hiroshima
-Japanese city that was the target of the atomic bomb dropped by the USA on August 6, 1945
66
Nagasaki
Second Japanese city to be attacked by a US atomic bomb on August 9th, 1945
67
Nuremberg Trials
Series of post- WWII trials held in Nuremberg, Germany, where allied powers prosecuted Nazi leaders for war crimes, crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, establishing precedents for international law and accountability
68
United Nations
Global organization established after World War II to promote international cooperation
69
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UN document outlining fundamental human rights to be protected globally
70
The Holocaust
The systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish (and other minorities) men, women, and children, conducted by Nazi Germany
71
Scapegoat
A person or group blamed for the problems of others, often used to deflect responsibility
72
Concentration Camps
Facilities where Nazi Germany imprisoned and murdered millions of Jews and other targeted groups

Interwar, World War II and Holocaust Vocab (3.2) (1 decks)

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