Intestinal diseases

Question 1

What does the impairment of the absorptive villous surface result in?

Answer 1

Diarrhea
Malabsorption
Weight loss

Question 2

What are the clinical signs of parasitic diarrhea?

Answer 2

Diarrhea +/- blood
Vomiting
Weight loss
Ill thrift

Question 3

How do you diagnosis parasitic diarrhea?

Answer 3

Fecal float or direct examination

ELISA test for Giardia

Question 4

Who typically gets viral diarrhea?

Answer 4

Young and unvaccinated animals

Question 5

What are the types of viral diarrhea?

Answer 5

Parvovirus
Feline panleukopenia virus
Coronavirus
Distemper

Question 6

When do puppies need to be vaccinated for parvovirius?

Answer 6

6, 9 and 12 weeks

Question 7

Is parvovirus contagious?

Answer 7

Yes highly

Question 8

What does the parvovirus effect?

Answer 8

The digestive system

Destroys the lining of the intestinal tract

Question 9

What happens when the lining of the intestinal tract is damaged during parvovirus?

Answer 9

water and nutrients cannot be absorbed and bacteria can leak bacteria into the body

Question 10

What is panleukopenia?

Answer 10

Feline Distemper Virus or feline enteritis

Question 11

What is feline panleukopenia virus?

Answer 11

A parvovirus that is highly contagious

Question 12

What does feline panleukopenia virus do?

Answer 12

Interrupts the production of white blood cells

Question 13

What are the clinical signs of viral diarrhea?

Answer 13

Hematochezia or melena
Vomiting
Febrile
Anorexia
Lethargy

Question 14

What are patients with viral diarrhea?

Answer 14

Immunosuppressed

Question 15

What is bacterial diarrhea?

Answer 15

Occurs when pathogenic bacteria invade and damage the intestinal epithelium which causes disease

Question 16

What are some strains of bacteria that cause bacterial diarrhea?

Answer 16

Salmonella 
Shigella
Campylobactor
Some strains of ecoli
Clostridium

Question 17

How do you diagnosis bacterial diarrhea?

Answer 17

Rule out gastrointestinal parasites

Question 18

How do you treat bacterial diarrhea?

Answer 18

Oral antibiotics

Fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy

Question 19

What are examples of antibiotics that treat bacterial diarrhea?

Answer 19

Enrofloxacin
Trimethoprim
Erythromycin
Metronidazole

Question 20

What is a very common intestinal disease in small animals?

Answer 20

Dietary Intolerance or Sensitivity Diarrhea

Question 21

What is dietary intolerance or sensitivity diarrhea?

Answer 21

Patients unable to handle certain substances in their diet

Question 22

How do you treat dietary intolerance or sensitivity diarrhea?

Answer 22

Dietary feeding trial with novel protein source

Oral prednisone

Question 23

In what disease can you see in older animals with chronic, intermittent vomiting, listlessness, weight loss, borborygmus, flatus?

Answer 23

Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis

Question 24

How do you diagnosis Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis?

Answer 24

Biopsy to confirm

Question 25

What is important to communicate to owners of patients with Lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis?

Answer 25

Treatment can be prolonged and expensive | Typically not curative

Question 26

What is Intestinal Lymphangectasia?

Answer 26

Chronic protein losing intestinal disease

Question 27

What is obstructed in lymphangectasia?

Answer 27

Normal lymphatic flow, impaired intestinal lymphatic drainage

Question 28

What does the obstruction of normal lymphatic flow lead to?

Answer 28

The back-up of lymph which releases fluid into the lumen. This leads to loss of lipids, loss of plasma proteins, loss of lymphocytes

Question 29

What will intestinal lymphagectasia lead to?

Answer 29

``` Hypoalbuminemia Lymphopenia Hypoglobulinemia Hypochloesterolemia HYpocalcemia ```

Question 30

How do you diagnosis lypmhagectasia?

Answer 30

Biopsy will reveal chyle filled lacteals and intestinal lymphatics

Question 31

How do you treat lymphagectasia?

Answer 31

Prednisone and metronidazole | Diet change to one with minimal fat and high quality protein

Question 32

Is lymphagectasia a progressive disease and can remission occur?

Answer 32

Yes it is a progressive disease and remission can occur but many animals can have relapses

Question 33

What happens in an intussusception?

Answer 33

One portion of the intestine telescopes into adjacent segment of the intestine

Question 34

What does an intussusception create?

Answer 34

A partial to complete obstruction of the lumen and can damage the intestinal wall

Question 35

What causes intussusception?

Answer 35

Usually idiopathic | Can be secondary to parasites, foreign bodies, infections, neoplasia

Question 36

How do you treat intussusception?

Answer 36

Reduce and excise

Question 37

What is inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 37

The accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lining of the stomach

Question 38

How do you diagnose IBD?

Answer 38

Rule out other causes and gastric and intestinal biopsies

Question 39

How do you treat IBD?

Answer 39

Antibiotics Immunosuppressive doses of steroids Hypoallergenic diets

Question 40

What species is more prone to IBD?

Answer 40

Cats

Question 41

What is important to communicate to owners of patients with IBD?

Answer 41

A complete work-up is required | Therapy will be required for the rest of the animals's life

Question 42

What are common intestinal neoplasums?

Answer 42

Adenocarcinoma Lymphosarcoma Mast cell tumors

Question 43

What percentage of dogs get adenocarcinoma?

Answer 43

25%

Question 44

What percentage of cats get adenocarcinoma?

Answer 44

50%

Question 45

What percentage of dogs get lymphosarcoma?

Answer 45

10%

Question 46

What percentage of cats get lymphosarcoma?

Answer 46

20%

Question 47

What is uncommon in dogs and cats

Answer 47

Constipation

Question 48

What is important when diagnosing contsipation

Answer 48

Physical exam

Question 49

What does a physical exam of a patient complaining of a possible constipated patient check for?

Answer 49

``` Foreign body Tumor Pelvic injury Anal sac abscess Urinary obstruction Dehydration ```

Question 50

What intestinal disease is more common in cats?

Answer 50

Megacolon

Question 51

What is the common presentation of megacolon?

Answer 51

Middle aged to older cats Obese cats History of non-productive straining to defecate