Intestinal Failure, Malnutrition & Malabsorption Flashcards Preview

1MB Gastroenterology - Rafi Ahmed > Intestinal Failure, Malnutrition & Malabsorption > Flashcards

Flashcards in Intestinal Failure, Malnutrition & Malabsorption Deck (20)
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1
Q

What is intestinal failure?

A

Inability to maintain adequate nutrition + fluid demand via the intestines

2
Q

What are some causes of intestinal failure?

A

Obstruction
Surgical resection
Congenital defects
Malabsorption diseases

3
Q

What is the time frame for acute intestinal failure?

A

Up to 2 weeks

4
Q

Give examples of some complications of parenteral nutrition

A

Sepsis
Line fracture/leakage
Pneumothorax

5
Q

What is the treatment of choice for type III (chronic) intestinal failure?

A

Home parenteral nutrition

6
Q

Less than 300 cm of small bowel is classed as short bowel syndrome. True/False?

A

False

Less than 200 cm is classed as short bowel syndrome

7
Q

Albumin is a reliable, often diagnostic marker of malnutrition. True/False?

A

False

Low albumin can suggest malnutrition but can be low in other things

8
Q

Which vitamins and minerals are significantly lower in high risk patients suffering from malnutrition?

A

Vitamin A, C, D, E

Zinc

9
Q

What are the 4 stages of nutritional support?

A

Food (feeding normally)
Oral supplements
Enteral feeding
Parenteral feeding

10
Q

What is enteral tube feeding?

A

Delivery of nutrition into the stomach, duodenum or jejunum via a tube

11
Q

What are the 5 main methods of enteral tube feeding?

A
Nasogastric
Nasojejunal
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy
Surgical jejunostomy
12
Q

Name some contraindications for ET feeding

A
Lower GI obstruction
Prolonged ileus
Severe vomiting/diarrhoea
Fistulae
Intestinal ischaemia
13
Q

Name some complications of ET feeding

A

Incorrect insertion
Rupture, perforation, bleeding
Reflux
GI intolerance/irritation

14
Q

What is parenteral feeding?

A

Administration of nutrition intravenously

15
Q

When would PE feeding be used over ET feeding?

A

Non-functioning GI tract
Short bowel syndrome
Motility disorders
IBD with severe malabsorption

16
Q

What is refeeding syndrome?

A

Fatal shift in fluid and electrolyte imbalance caused by sudden feeding following long period of undernutrition

17
Q

Define malabsorption

A

Defective mucosal absorption due to poor luminal digestion or structural disease

18
Q

Which deficiency/-ies might cause easy bruising?

A

Vitamin K or Vitamin C deficiency

19
Q

Which deficiency/-ies are known to cause glossitis?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Iron deficiency

20
Q

Which deficiency is known to cause spooning of the nails?

A

Iron deficiency