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Intro To Communication > Into To Communication Pre Assessment > Flashcards

Into To Communication Pre Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

4 primary challenges of communication

A
  1. Effective communication requires significant intellectual and psychological resources
  2. Not everyone we encounter will appreciate the value of communication
  3. We may over rely on digitally mediated communication
  4. We live in a diverse world where entire cultural understanding can be difficult
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2
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Attributing successes to some internal positive qualities (intelligence or charm) and blaming the situation when there are failures

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3
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

when we attribute other peoples positive characteristics and successes to external situational factors and their negative characteristics and failures to aspects of who they are

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4
Q

Attribution error

A

Relying on faulty explanations, info, or reasons when interpreting behavior

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5
Q

Intercultural communication

A

Communication between, and among people and groups across national, ethnic, and other cultural boundaries

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6
Q

Linear model of communication

A

Reveals the basic components of a simple exchange between two people - illustrates a straightforward process where an individual transmits a mess to another individual

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7
Q

5 Phases of linear communication model -
DETPD

A
  1. Decide the message
  2. Encode the message
  3. Transmit the message
  4. Perceive the message
  5. Decode the message
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8
Q

Transactional model of communication

A

feedback, along with consideration factors that make accurate decoding of messages difficult on top of the linear communication model

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9
Q

Characteristics of the transactional model of communication

A
  • communicators are simultaneously encoding and decoding messages at all times
  • previous interactions play a part in present interactions
  • constantly analyzing our interaction partner during the communication
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10
Q

3 principles of perception

A
  1. Selection
  2. Organization
  3. Interpretation
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11
Q

4 selection principles

A
  1. Selective exposure
  2. Selective attention
  3. Selective perception
  4. Selective recall
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12
Q

Selective exposure

A

Retaining information that reinforces existing beliefs and disregarding information that goes against existing beliefs

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13
Q

Selective attention

A

Once engaged in an interaction, we focus on certain info and ignore others

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14
Q

Selective perception

A

The inclination to see hear and believe what we want to

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15
Q

Selective recall

A

Remembering things that we agree with rather than things that are contrary to our beliefs

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16
Q

Organization

A

A communicators efforts to group information into meaningful units to make sense out of the info

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17
Q

Figure and ground

A

figure: foreground/ point of emphasis
ground: background

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18
Q

Closure

A

Ability to fill in missing information to complete a perception

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19
Q

Proximity

A

Physical closeness in relation to other info

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20
Q

Similarity

A

The degree to which something shares with other stimuli

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21
Q

Interpretation

A

Assigning meaning to stimuli

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22
Q

Waldeck, Kearney, and Plax good story characteristics

A
  • realistic
  • have sustainable value
  • organized
  • interactive
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23
Q

Self-talk

A

Internal monologue

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24
Q

Self-esteem

A

confidence in one’s own worth or abilities; self-respect

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25
Q

Self-concept

A

an idea of the self constructed from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others

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26
Q

Self-presentation

A

how people attempt to present themselves to control or shape how others view them

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27
Q

Kinesics

A

The study of body movements including posture, facial expressions, and gestures

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28
Q

Emblems - K

A

Nonverbal movements that substitute words and verbalizations - thumbs up

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29
Q

Illustrators - K

A

Movements that either accompany or reinforce the meaning of a verbal code - shaking your head while saying no

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30
Q

Affect displays - K

A

Nonverbal movements that reveal emotion - waving your hand to tell someone to get to the point

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31
Q

Adaptors - K

A

Movements that communicators engage in to relieve stress or anxiety - tapping legs or clicking pens

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32
Q

Proxemics

A

How humans use and manage the space around them as a way of shaping meaning

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33
Q

Examples of proxemics

A

Personal space
Social distance
Territoriality

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34
Q

Chronemics

A

Time perceptions include punctuality and willingness to wait

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35
Q

Haptics

A

The use of touch in communication

36
Q

Para language

A

Pitch, tone, inflection etc

37
Q

Lean media

A

Media least capable of facilitating understanding - radio, reports etc

38
Q

Rich media

A

Most capable of facilitating understanding - face to face

39
Q

High power distance

A

Places high value on social rank and status

40
Q

Low power distance

A

Values equality

41
Q

Individualism

A

Values people who are assertive and not reliant on others

42
Q

Collectivism

A

Values membership

43
Q

High context communication

A

Heavily reliant on environmental cues

44
Q

Low context communication

A

Requires explicit or clear verbal instructions

45
Q

Masculinity

A

Cultures that value competitiveness and achievements - direct and forceful communication is valued

46
Q

Femininity

A

Values compassion and nurturing - empathy is important

47
Q

Mediums capacity for instant feedback

A

allows communicators to interact, check perceptions, and ask questions

48
Q

Mediums capacity for communicating multiple cues

A

sending and receiving facial expressions, tone, and gestures becomes a more powerful tool for effective interaction

49
Q

Mediums capacity for transmitting natural language

A

When communicators can use the same kind of language they would use face to face, they can be conversational and engaging

50
Q

Mediums capacity to express personality and emotion

A

Messages are always interpreted more accurately when we can express emotion and feeling

51
Q

Inclusion needs

A

Our need to feel accepted by or involved with others

52
Q

Initiating or orientation stage of relationship

A

Initial stage in which we use communication to initiate encounters with people we are interested in getting to know

53
Q

Relationship audition

A

Use of small talk to determine if individuals want to continue pursuing a relationship

54
Q

Johari window

A

Model of self disclosure used to help people better understand their relationships with the self and others

55
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the Johari Window?

A
  1. Open
  2. Hidden
  3. Blind
  4. Unknown
56
Q

Open - Johari window

A

Known to self and known to others

57
Q

Hidden - johari window

A

Known to self but not known to others

58
Q

Blind - johari window

A

Not known to self and not known to others

59
Q

Unknown - johari window

A

Not known to self and not known to others

60
Q

Fundamental Interpersonal Relationship Orientation Theory - FIROT

A

Based on the belief that when people get together in a group, there are three main interpersonal needs looking to be obtained

61
Q

What are the 3 FIROT needs?

A
  1. Affection/openness
  2. Control
  3. Inclusion
62
Q

What are the 6 relationship maintenance strategies?

POASTU

A
  1. Positivity - being courteous
  2. Openness - expressing needs freely
  3. Assurances - explicitly and implicitly stressing commitment
  4. Shared connections - spend time with a shared circle
  5. Tasks - workload is distributed evenly
  6. Understanding - communicating in empathetic ways
63
Q

Information overload

A

The state of being exposed to more messages than can be cognitively processed at any given time

64
Q

Personal bias

A

Learned beliefs, opinions, or attitudes that people are unaware of and often reinforce stereotypes

65
Q

Polychronic

A

People who are flexible in terms of starting times for appts and deadlines. They change plans and priorities easily and their style is chaotic and unfocused to others

66
Q

Default listening

A

A filter we tend to listen through without thinking about it

67
Q

Distracted listening

A

When someone is supposed to be paying attention but is thinking about something else

68
Q

Pretend listening

A

The use of body language or cues to show the other person that were engaged while thinking about other things

69
Q

Passive listening

A

Receiving messages mindlessly without exerting sufficient effort or maintaining concern for what is being say

70
Q

Synergy

A

The “extra energy” created by high performing teams when they interact and function well

71
Q

Bad apple effect

A

Poisonous impact of having just one ineffective team member -

72
Q

Groupthink

A

A team’s overwhelming motivation to agree and reach consensus and failure to critically evaluate the task or alternatives

73
Q

Social loafing

A

Situations in which one or more members exert little to no efforts in the teams work

74
Q

Tuckman’s 4 stages of group development

A
  1. Forming
  2. Storming
  3. Norming
  4. Performing
75
Q

Forming stage of group development

A

Team explores and identifies its primary objectives and consider how their goals mesh with other members of the team’s goals. Objectives are often not clear - communication is polite

76
Q

Storming stage of group development

A

Team members may openly disagree with one another about roles and defining team goals.

Competition for role status

77
Q

Norming stage of group development

A

Individuals resolve conflicts and asume their roles in functional and appropriate ways. Begin to think cohesively

78
Q

Performing stage of group development

A

Members do the work necessary to accomplish this he team’s objectives - team is flexible

79
Q

Monroe’s motivated sequence

A

Method of structuring and presenting ideas for persuading audiences

80
Q

Monroe’s 5 motivated sequence steps

A
  1. Capture audience attention
  2. Identify problems or unfulfilled needs
  3. Propose a solution or plan
  4. Help audience visualize what satisfaction means to them
  5. Give an action plan
81
Q

Informative speech

A

Centers on talking about people, events, places, or things

82
Q

Persuasive speech

A

Seeks to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, or behaviors

83
Q

What is an example representing a complete and successful communication of the linear model?

A

You recognize the team logo on a garment worn by someone encountered in public

84
Q

John opens his mailbox and finds a letter from my friend. He is on his way to an appointment so he places the letter on the table so he can read it when he returns home.

Which phase of the linear model of communication is being illustrated?

A

Perceiving

85
Q

Regulator

A

Nonverbal messages that accompany speech to control her regulate what the speaker is saying - opening your mouth to speak

86
Q

What is an example of a situation we’re making a persuasive speech would be appropriate?

A

Sports journalist needing to present the credentials of a Hall of Fame candidate to a selection committee

Intro To Communication (2 decks)

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