Intra and Extra-oral Examination Flashcards
(28 cards)
When does your extra-oral
assessment of the patient
start?
As soon as you call them from the
waiting room
What are we examining
extra-orally? (5)
Skin - lesions, moles, scars, trauma. Lips - cuts, cracks, cold sores. Lymph nodes Salivary glands. Symmetry
sign of infection
warm and tender
malignancy
cool and painless
lips
●Form external borders of oral cavity
●Covered by skin externally and mucous
membrane internally
Innervation: upper lip
Infraorbital Nerve
Innervation: lower lip
Mental Nerve
LIP FUNCTION
●Food intake ●Tactile sensory organ ●Articulation ●Facial expression ●Closes off oral cavity
TMJ
mobility and range
Soft tissue examination –good light,
retraction, mirror.
Lips upper/lower ● Buccal mucosa right and left ● Hard palate and soft palate ● Floor of the mouth ● Tongue –dorsum, lateral borders and ventral (holding tongue with gauze may help) ● Lastly say Ahhh……………….. Pharynx
cheeks
Covered by skin externally internal surface covered by nonkeratinised mucosa Numerous minor salivary glands Stenson’s duct / parotid papillae Buccal / Labial Sucli
what is the bulk of the cheek made up by
Buccinator muscle
cheek function
●Closes off oral cavity
●Aids in mastication
●Facial expression
floor of the mouth
●Covered by non-keratinised mucosa ●Made up of mylohyoid, genioglossus, geniohyoid and digastric (anterior belly) muscles ●Wharton’s ducts ●Ducts of sublingual salivary glands
function of the floor of the mouth
salivation
closes off oral cavity
tongue
●Voluntary muscular structure occupying floor of the
mouth
●Dorsum (superior surface) Ventral (inferior)
●Attached to hyoid bone and floor of mouth
what is the Superior surface ?
stratified squamous epithelium with numerous papillae.
function of the tongue
●Mastication ●Deglutition ●Speech ●Main organ of taste ●Oral hygiene
what is the hard palate lined with?
●Lined with keratinised
mucosa, tightly bound to
palatine process
what does the soft palate consist of?
●Consists of sheet of fibrous
tissue (aponeurosis)
covered by non-keratinised
mucosa
FUNCTIONS OF THE
PALATE
●Separates oral cavity from nasal cavity ●Mastication ●Closes off nasopharynx from oropharynx during swallowing ●Closes off oral cavity from oropharynx during respiration ●Taste
GINGIVAE marginal
• Surround neck of tooth • Not directly attached to tooth • Forms soft tissue of gingival sulcus • Supported / stabilised by gingival fibres
gingivae attached
• Continuous with marginal gingivae • Free gingival groove • Keratinised tissue • Firmly attached to underlying bone
FUNCTION OF TEETH
Mastication
◾Incisors / canines: cutting / biting teeth
◾Premolars / molars: grinding /chewing
