Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med Surg III Final > Intracranial > Flashcards

Intracranial Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Broca’s area for production of speech

▪Morals, emotions, reasoning and judgment, concentration, and abstraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Interpretation of taste, pain, touch, temperature, and pressure
▪Spatial perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory center

▪Wernicke’s area for comprehension of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Occipital

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Limbic system

A

Emotional and visceral patterns for survival

▪Learning and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which 2 sets of arteries supply the brain?

A

Right and left internal carotid, and vertebral

Connect to make the loop of Willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is a lumbar puncture contraindicated if pt has ICP?

A

Yes, LP will cause a rapid decrease in pressure, leading to brain herniation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most sensitive indicator of neurological status?

A

LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does an increased temprature due to the metabolic rate of the brain?

What does it indicate?

A

Increases it

Dysfunction in the hypothalamus or brain stem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cranial nerve 3?

A

Oculomotor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does unilateral pupil dilation represent?

A

Compression of CN 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is decorticating posturing? (Flexor)

What does it indicate?

A

Pt can flex 1 or both arms on the chest and may extend their legs stiffly.

Nonfunctioning cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is decerebrate posturing?

What does it indicate?

A

Pt stiffly extends 1 or both arms and possibly legs.

Brain stem lesion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three portions of the GCS?

A 
Eye opening (4)
Verbal response (5)
Motor response (6)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the lowest GCS someone can have? And what does it indicate?

A

3

Deep coma or death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At what number in the GCS is coma present?

A

Lower than 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some late signs of ICP?

A

Increased systolic BP, Brady, posturing, seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What types of meds do we give pts with ICP?

A 
Antiseizure
Antipyretic, muscle relaxants
BP meds
IVF carefully
Hyperosmotic agent-watch renal function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the halo sign?

A

Bloody spot with a yellowish, pink ring around it.

Shows a CSF leak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a craniotomy?

A

Incision through the cranium to remove blood, or a tumor.

Lots of PC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the indications of spinal shock?

A

A complete but temporary loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function.

This is the cords response to the injury.
Usually 48 hours

Hypo/brady, ileus**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the indications of neurogenic shock?

A

Loss of vasomotor tone
Hypotension and brady**
Associated with a injury at T6 or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is autonomic dysreflexia?

What is it commonly caused by?

Emergency?

Treatment?

A

Occurs after spinal shock has resolved.

Commonly caused by distention of the bladder or rectum

Yes, have to prevent HTN stroke!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the normal range for CPP?

25
What is the most sensitive measure of mental status?
LOC
26
What is the patho for ICP?
Increased ICP leads to decreased RR, which leads to increased CO2, which leads to vasodilation of brain(to decrease ICP), which increases ICP because of increased blood flow
27
How does the brain auto regulate?
Vasoconstriction | Reabsorption of CSF
28
What amount of O2 and glucose does the brain take up?
O2- 20% of CO | Glucose-25% of CO
29
CBF decreases after MAP is less than what?
50
30
What is the normal CPP?
60-100 mmHG
31
At what number is the CPP associated with ischemia and neuronal death?
Less than 50
32
How do you calculate CPP?
MAP - ICP
33
A CPP less than 30 means what?
Death, not sustainable with life.
34
What is the bodies normal range for MAP?
50-150
35
What are the three parts of cushings triad?
``` Increased systolic pressure, with a widening pulse pressure Decreased HR (sympathetic system blocked so para takes over. RR changes, usually down. ```
36
What do you do if cushings triad begins?
Call MD, probably give manitol or 3% NS. Must give slow
37
If the left pupil is dilated than which side of the brain is the injury on?
Left.
38
In stages 1 and 2, can the brain auto regulate?
Yes. Increase in volume does not increase ICP. | Stage 2 increases the risk of increased ICP
39
What stage will the nurse start to see cushings triad?
Stage 3. Loss of auto regulation Increased BP
40
At what stage will ICP reach lethal levels? Will this lead to herniation?
Stage 4 Yes
41
What is a tentorial herniation?
When the lesion forces the brain downward. Watch RR and HR
42
What is a uncal herniation?
When the lesion forces the brain towards the other hemisphere and downward.
43
What is a cingulate herniation?
Lesion forcing the brain towards the other hemisphere.
44
An increase in CO2 leads to what? Decrease in CO2?
Dilated cerebral vessels and an increase in CBF. The opposite.
45
Is oxygen a potent vasodilator or constrictor?
Vasodilator
46
What do low levels of O2 in the brain lead to?
Cerebral dilation, which increases CBF.
47
Why wont we give too much pain meds to a pt in the acute phase of injury?
Because it decreases LOC and RR. Which will increase CO2.
48
What are some clinical manifestations of ICP?
``` Change in LOC and temp regulation. V/S (cushings triad) Pupil change Blurry vision, HA, vomiting, Papilledema(optic disk swelling ```
49
Which posturing is a worse sign, decerebrate or decorticate?
Decerebrate.
50
What is the gold standard for measuring ICP?
Ventricolostomy. | Measures ICP and CSF removal
51
In a pt with ICP, do they need more or less glucose?
More
52
What is included in a head injury?
Any trauma to the skull, cap, brain. Any alteration in consciousness, no matter how brief is also considered a head injury.
53
What are the types of skull fractures?
Linear or depressed. Simple, comminuted, or compound Closed or open
54
What is battles sign?
Bruising at the mastoid process. | Takes at least a day to present after basilar skull fx.
55
What is a conjugate gaze?
Inability to move both eyes in the same direction.
56
Concussion
Brief change in LOC, anemia, HA, disruption of neural activity.
57
What is post concussion syndrome?
Persistent HA, lethargic, personality changes, short attention span and decreased short term memory.
58
What are the classic signs of an epidural hematoma?
Unconsciousness N/V, HA Brief period of lucidness then decreased LOC. Focal findings (plégia, weakness to extremity)
59
What is the best diagnostic test to determine craniocerebral trauma?
CT

Med Surg III Final (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions