Intracranial disease (extra) Flashcards

1
Q

where does anterior spinal artery originate

A

from vertebral arteries

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2
Q

what from does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery originate

A

vertebral artery

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3
Q

where does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery originate

A

basilar artery

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4
Q

where does the superior cerebellar artery originate from

A

basilar artery

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5
Q

where does the posterior cerebral artery originate from

A

basilar artery

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6
Q

what collateral pathways are created through opthalmic artery

A

1) supratrochlear with superficial temporal artery2) dorsal nasal with facial artery

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7
Q

what technicalities are there for transcranial doppler

A

0 degree anglemean velocity reported instead of peakuses pulse wave (not contiuous wave because continuous wave does not allow for depth discrimination)large sample volume (>10mm)2mHz or lower

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8
Q

what is the most shallow vessel on TCD

A

MCA

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9
Q

what are the values for severe MCA vasospasm

A

> 200 cm/sec

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10
Q

what does a velocity of >200cm/s in MCA indicate

A

severe vasospasmincreased risk of stroke with sickle cell disease

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11
Q

most common Circle of Willis anomaly

A

absence or hypoplasia of one or both communicating arteries

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12
Q

what are the TCD windows

A

transtemporal, occipital, transorbital, submandibular

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13
Q

what vessels can you see through the transtemporal window

A

MCA, ACA, PCA and terminal ICA

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14
Q

MCA TCD characteristics

A

transtemporal window
30-60 depth
towards flow
55 +/- 12 velocity

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15
Q

MCA/ACA TCD characteristics

A

transtemporal window
55-60 depth
bidirectional flow

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16
Q

ACA TCD Characteristics

A

transtemporal window
60-80 depth
away flow
50 +/- 11 velocity

17
Q

PCA TCD Characteristics

A

transtemporal window
60-70 depth
towards flow
39 +/- 10 velocity

18
Q

terminal ICA TCD characteristics

A

transtemporal window
55-65 depth
towards flow
39 +/- 9 velocity

19
Q

what vessels can be seen through the occipital window

A

vertebral

basilar

20
Q

vertebral artery TCD characteristics

A

occipital window
60-90 depth
away flow
38 +/- 10 velocity

21
Q

basilar artery TCD characteristics

A

occipital window
80-120 depth
away flow
41 +/- 10 velocity

22
Q

what vessels can be seen through the transorbital window

A

ophtalmic

carotid siphon

23
Q

ophtalmic artery TCD characteristics

A

transorbital window
40-60 depth
towards flow
21 +/- 5 velocity

24
Q

carotid siphon TCD characteristics

A

transorbital window
55-80 depth
parasellar - towards, geni - bidirectional, supraclinoid - away flow
41 +/- 10 velocity

25
Q

what vessel can be seen through the submandibular window

A

ICA

26
Q

characteristics of ICA on TCD

A

submandibular window
35-75 depth
away flow
37 +/- 9 velocity

27
Q

Diagnostic value for intracranial vasospasm

A

MCA PSV / ICA PSV >3

28
Q

Pre wilsonian anastomosis

A
  1. orbital to ophtalmic artery
  2. meningohypophyseal and caroticotympanic branches
  3. occipital to atlantic artery
  4. deep cervical and ascending cervical to atlantic and occipital
  5. external carotids communicating accross midline
  6. rete mirabilis - transdural anastomosis
29
Q

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in MCA

A

PSV >220 cm/sec

30
Q

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in ACA

A

PSV >155 cm/sec

31
Q

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in PCA

A

PSV >145cm/sec

32
Q

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in basilic artery

A

PSV>140 cm/sec

33
Q

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in vertebral artery

A

PSV>120 cm/sec