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Applied Dental Hygiene 2 > Intraoral swellings > Flashcards

Intraoral swellings Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some causes of intra oral swellings?

A
  • Connective tissue hyperplasia
  • Connective tissue neoplasms
  • Cysts
  • Salivary lesions
  • Bone lesions
  • Others
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2
Q

Define neoplasm

A

Abnormal growth of cells

The growth is uncontrolled and progressive

Can be benign or malignant

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3
Q

Define hyperplasia

A

The increase in number of normal cells in a normal arrangement of tissue

Is a contrast to hypertrophy

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4
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

An increase in the size of an organ as a result of increase in cell size

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5
Q

Define cyst

A

An epithelial lined cavity or sac

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6
Q

What are some causes of generalised gingival swellings?

A

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth

Gingival fibromatosis

Acute leukaemia

Chronic plaque induced gingivitis (hyperplastic form)

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7
Q

What are some types of localised connective tissue hyperplasias?

A
  • Epulides
  • Pyogenic granuloma
  • Fibroepithelial polyp
  • Denture induced hyperplasia
  • Papillary hyperplasia of palate
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8
Q

What is an epulis?

A

localised tumour-like gingival swelling that usually arises from interdental papilla

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9
Q

What are some types of epulides?

A

Congenital epulides

Fibrous epulides

Pregnancy epulides

Pyogenic granuloma

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

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10
Q

Describe congenital epulides

A

Found in new borns

Seen as soft tissue growth on edentulous alveolus

Seen on anterior maxilla

Affects females more than males

Pink, soft, compressible, pedunculated

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11
Q

How do we treat a congenital epulis?

A

Complete excision, any recurrence is unlikely

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12
Q

Describe fibrous epulides

A

Seen as pedunculated or sessile mass

Is usually firm in consistency

Colour is similar to surrounding tissue

65% of epulides are fibrous

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13
Q

What causes fibrous epulides?

A

Low grade chronic irritation eg plaque, calculus, trauma

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14
Q

Describe pregnancy epulides

A

Soft, deep reddish-purple swelling

Often ulcerated

Seen on anterior dental papillae

Can haemorrhage on minor trauma or spontaneously

Onset is usually at end of first trimester

Gradually increases in size during pregnancy

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15
Q

What happens histologically in pregnancy epulis?

A

Vascular proliferation

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16
Q

How can we treat pregnancy epulis?

A
  • OHI
  • Usually disappears at end of pregnancy
  • Excision is not usually required, and should be delayed until after birth of child
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17
Q

What percentage of epulides do peripheral giant cell granulomas make up?

A

7%

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18
Q

How do peripheral giant cell granulomas appear?

A

Are dark red in colour

Commonly ulcerated

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19
Q

Why may radiographs be required in peripheral giant cell granulomas?

A

These may involve the underlying bone resulting in a central giant cell lesion

No bone involvement must be confirmed prior to extractions as the risk of bleeding is higher

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20
Q

To which type of epulis is a pyogenic granuloma histologically and clinically identical?

A

Pregnancy epulis

  • Pregnancy epulis can be regarded as pyogenic granuloma occurring in pregnancy

Together they make up 28% of epulides

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21
Q

What is the aetiology of pyogenic granuloma?

A

minor trauma

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22
Q

What sites other than gingiva may a pyogenic granuloma occur?

A
  • Tongue
  • Buccal and labial mucosa
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23
Q

How do fibroepithelial polyps appear?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pink
  • Firm
  • Painless pedunculated or sessile polypoid swelling
  • 2-3mm to 1cm+ diameter
24
Q

How do we treat a fibroepithelial polyp?

Study These Flashcards
A

Excision if symptomatic or any doubt of diagnosis

25
What is the aetiology of a fibroepithelial polyp?
Minor trauma
26
What is another name denture-induced hyperplasia?
reactive inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
27
How do these denture-induced hyperplasia appear?
smooth pink swelling which may be grooved
28
What are denture-induced hyperplasias caused by?
Chronic irritation because of poorly fitting denture flange These are usually asymptomatic but may be ulcerated
29
What is the treatment for denture-induced hyperplasia?
To relieve denture flange and excision Any failure to relieve denture leads to recurrence
30
What is papillary hyperplasia of palate?
multiple small papillary projections on palate that are often related to ill-fitting dentures often an associated candidosis
31
What is the aetiology of this papillary hyperplasia of palate?
Minor trauma from denture
32
What types of tissues are associated connective tissue neoplasms?
- Of fibrous tissue (rare in mouth) - Of adipose tissue (aka lipoma) - Of vascular tissue (aka haemangioma & lymphangioma) Malignant tumours of all types of connective tissue are rare intra-orally
33
How do lipomas appear?
Soft, elastic, yellowish coloured swelling These are most commonly found in cheek and tongue
34
What are lipomas filled with?
Fats
35
What happens to lipomas when placed in fixative after excision?
float
36
Name some types of cysts
- Dermoid - Eruption - Mucocele - Nasopalatine/incisive canal
37
Describe dermoid cysts
Aetiology – developmental These are rare Site: painless swelling in floor of mouth
38
Describe eruption cysts
Dome-shaped bluish swelling Filled with blood or serum Eruption will break cyst Arises from dental follicle
39
How do we treat eruption cysts?
incision of lesion if symptomatic
40
Describe mucocele cysts
Dome-shaped, bluish, fluctuant, painless Are prone to rupture Can frequently return Common site: lower lip common
41
Why do mucoceles occur?
retention of mucus in sub-epithelium tissues
42
What are some causes of mucus retention in mucocele cysts?
- Blockage in salivary duct (mucus retention cyst) - Severance of a salivary duct (mucus extravasation cyst), these are more common
43
What is a different type of mucocele?
ranula
44
What is a ranula?
large mucocele in floor of mouth which may involve sublingual gland
45
Describe ranula cysts
Are unilateral 2-3cm in diameter Mostly painless Can interfere with speech and mastication Will require removal
46
What are 3 types of salivary lesions?
1. Mucocele 2. Ranula 3. Salivary gland tumours
47
What is a type of salivary gland tumour?
Salivary gland neoplasm
48
Describe the prevalence of salivary gland neoplasms
These are rare These can involve major and minor salivary glands 46% of minor gland tumours are malignant Most tumours in sublingual gland are malignant
49
How do salivary gland neoplasms behave?
Usually grow rapidly, cause pain, may ulcerate and may involve nerve
50
What is an oral tori?
benign lesion of compact bone common and apparent in 30s
51
What are 2 types of oral tori?
torus palatinus and torus mandibularis
52
What is the aetiology of oral tori?
Genetic Affects females more than males
53
What does oral tori contain?
Compact and cancellous bone, cancellous is only found at the core of large specimens Has a thin covering of mucosa
54
How do we treat oral tori?
Excise only if interferes with normal function, denture, etc
55
What are some other bone swellings?
PAGET’S DISEASE - This is a progressive jaw swelling - Aka hypercementosis FIBROUS DYSPLASIA - This condition is rare
56
Name some other causes of intraoral swellings
Squamous cell papilloma Warts Verrucous carcinoma Invading malignancy from related anatomical structure - Descending antral or nasal carcinoma Metastic spread from remote tumour - Rare cause of intraoral swelling

Applied Dental Hygiene 2 (10 decks)

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