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Neuroscience > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous system

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Peripheral

A

Somatic and autonomic systems

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3
Q

somatic nervous system

A

cranial nerves and branches, spinal nerves and branches

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4
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, enteric nervous system

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5
Q

Myelin sheath is what

A

insulation that helps the AP travel enable regeneration of AP facilitate saltatory transmission

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6
Q

types of neurons

A

multipolar bipolar - single dendrite single terminal unipolar - both axon and dendrite the same branch

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7
Q

Special sensory

A

vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, smell

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8
Q

viscerosensory

A

unconscious transmission to CNS “if you ate something and it was in your stomach”

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9
Q

somatosensory

A

conscious transition from skin muscle joint

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10
Q

Somatomotor

A

CNS to skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Autonomic motor

A

CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac or glands, involentary

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12
Q

affarent

A

sensory = away

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13
Q

efferent

A

motor = exits

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14
Q

interneurons/associative neurons

A

comprise brain and spinal cord communicate between afferent and efferent

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15
Q

Reflex

A

unidirectional rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to a stimulus no cortical involvement

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16
Q

Refelx arch

A

neural pathway that controls a reflex Sensory receptor >> sensory neuron >> interneuron >> motor neuron >> effector

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17
Q

Myotatic reflex start from the hit of the hammer

A
  1. Hammer tap stretches tendon which stretches sensory receptors in leg extensor muscles 2a. sensory neuron synapse excites motor neuron in the spinal cord 2b. sensory neuron also excites spinal interneuron 2c. interneuron synapse inhibits motor neuron to flexor muscles 3a motor neuron conducts action potential to synapse on extensor muscle fibers, causing contraction 3b. flexor muscle relaxes because the activity of its motor neurons has been inhibited
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18
Q

flexor withdrawal reflex start with stepping on glass

A
  1. step on glass 2. sensory neuron activates multiple interneurons 3. ipsilateral motor neurons to flexor excited 4. ipsilateral flexor contracts (pulls leg up and away from stimulus) 5. contralateral motor neurons to extensor excited 6. contralateral extensor contracts (opposite leg contracts so you can stand one legged)
19
Q

Glia cells

A

astrocytes ependymal cells microglia oligodendrocytes schwann cells

20
Q

astrocytes

A

(PNS equvilent = satellite cells) support cells - protective nutrition insulation BBB tissue repair

21
Q

ependymal cells

A

line ventricle walls CSF exchange and production

22
Q

microglia

A

“macrophages of CNS” remove foreign bodies protect against infection

23
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

CNS myelin creation

24
Q

Schwann Cells

A

PNS myelin creation

25
Q

axodnedritic

A

axon to dendrite

26
Q

axosomatic

A

axon to soma

27
Q

axoaxonic

A

axon to axon mediators

28
Q

dendrodendritic

A

dendrite to dendrite Olfactory retina

29
Q

Electrical synapse

A

bi-direction fast communication non specific tight jxn less common

hypothalamus

30
Q

Chemical synapse

A

greater distance receptor specific communication slower but more specific

31
Q

Ionotropic receptors

A

ligand-gated ion channels - faster

32
Q

metabotropic receptors

A

G-protein coupled receptors - slower more widespread

33
Q

ionotropic and metabotropic receptors do what

A

change in post-synaptic potential

34
Q

agonist

A

same effect as neurotransmitter

35
Q

antagonist

A

block

36
Q

inverse agonist

A

opposite effect

37
Q

neuromodulators

A

effect the likelihood that it will bind

38
Q

steps in propagation of action potential

A
39
Q

Excitatory post synaptic potential

A

cause dpolarization

increase Na permeablity into cell

increase likelihood of postsynaptic AP

40
Q

Inhibitory post synaptic potentials

A

cause hyperpolarization of cell

increase Cl permeability into cell >> hyperpolarization

decrease likelihood of postsynaptic AP

41
Q

Temporal Summation

A

one axon contiually stimulates

42
Q

spatial summation

A

multiple axons hit the cell at once cauing it to depolarize

43
Q

saltatory conduction

A

the propagation of AP along myelinated axons

Neuroscience (5 decks)

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