intro Flashcards
(26 cards)
Is IOP a defining component of glaucoma?
No. It is a component that is higher than the tissues of the eye can tolerate. Controllable.
Definition of glaucoma
Progression loss of ganglion cell axons causing visual field damage that is related to IOP
ON damage
Loss of ganglion cell axons (thinning of RNFL)
VF defects
Responding to IOP effects.
NEI study of open angle glaucoma. how many americans over 40 have glaucoma
Around 3 million
Expect it to double by 2050 because the population is aging and changes in racial proportions.
Who has the highest prevalence by race rn? What group has the highest growing rate
AA the most rn
Latino/hispanic populations are growing.
AA have a __X prevalence of glaucoma compared to caucasians
AA are __x more likely to go blind from glaucoma than caucasians
AA are ___x more likely to have visual impairments from glaucoma
3X
6-8X
15X
Hispanic americans have __x prevalence of glaucoma compared to caucasians according to what study?
4.74%
LALES study
TS Vajaranant Study (OAG study) findings
2.7 million person in US with POAG. Highest in those ages 70-79.
Expected 7 million by 2050. with increasing in hispanic population.
**Similar to NEI study, but includes impact of immigration.
Global prevalence of glaucoma
60 million in 2010 (3.54%) 3/4 OAG, 1/4 CAG 80 million (18%) by 2020. Greater risk in asians and females.
Primarily associated with increased life expectancies.
Gender and racial and age differences in glaucoma
Females > males
-Prob bc females live longer
Asians affected most by glaucoma. 87% of all angle closure.
Increased risk with age, especially european and hispanic decent
___ most likely to have ACG
____ have highest rate of NTG
___ have highest rate of OAG
Asian with ACG
Japanese with NTG
Africans with OAG (especially caribbean’s)
Increased risk of OAG
Males, Myopes and African descent
Increased risk of ACG
Females, Hyperopes and asian descent
Glaucoma causes __% of all US blindness
10%
Blindness from glaucoma is # what cause in the US and in the world?
1 non-curable disease in the world
US: #2 behind ARMD
World: #2 behind cataracts
Framingham study
3.3% prevalence of glaucoma
Barbados Eye Study
Higher IOP= higher prevalence of glaucoma
Avg IOP
High IOP
Came from what study?
16mmHg avg
20-21mmHg is high
Armaly study
Rotterdam Eye Study
1.1% prevalence of OAG
Double the prevalence in men
40% had IOP under 21
Beaver Dam Eye Study
Greater risk with age
Evaluated risk factors such as DM, alcohol, smoking, Migraines.
Looked at IOP associated with diurnal variation
Blue mountain eye study
49% of people with glaucoma had previously been diagnosed.
Increased prevalence based on age, family history, SIBLINGS!
Los Angeles Latina Eye Survey (LALES)
4.89% prevalence of latinos with OAG. Especially with increased age.
AKA increased risk if latino and over 40
Factors influencing IOP
Head and body position (chin down) Tight necktie Sugar intake Caffeine Coffee Valsalva Psychological stress smoking
Nearly 50% of new glaucoma dx’s d/c meds in __ months
6 months!!!!
only 30-70% are compliant. Make your pt feel comfortable enough to tell you the truth.
Why are there compliance issues?
(40%)Environmental factors- life change, travel.
(32%)Regimen factors- refill, costs, side effects.
(16%)Patient factors- dexterity, memory, motivation
(3%) Physician factors- communication, dissatisfaction
