Intro

Question 1

How is breathing controlled
- brain

Answer 1

Spontaneous respiration controlled by the medulla: respiratory pacemaker- even if you loose higher cerebral function you can still breath - when sleeping etc

Question 2

Chemoreceptors

Answer 2

Detect co2 and pH to control the breathing due to changes in this

Question 3

Ventilation/ Perfusion (v&q)

Answer 3

Transfer of oxygen and perfusion in to the tissues as well as getting rig of the waste products I.e. co2

Question 4

Airways and blood vessels

Question 5

When is Haemoglobin’s affinity for O2 highest

Answer 5

In oxygen rich environments

Question 6

Is breathing control voluntarily or involuntarily?

Answer 6

Both (medulla for involuntary so you can sleep and breathe)

Question 7

What makes Haemoglobin ideal form O2 Transportation

Answer 7

Once it gets into an oxygen environment it has a strong affinity for the O2 but once it enters a weaker environment it looses its affinity for the o2 and deposits it here thus enriching the dependant tissues

Question 8

Nam a metabolic process o2 is essential for

Answer 8

Glycolysis

Question 9

Is o2 in the blood bound or unbound?

Answer 9

The majority in bound to Hb

Question 10

Name town ways of measuring O2

Answer 10

Finger probe (non-invasive) & arterial blood gasses (invasive) - used in extreme cases,ICU

Question 11

How might Respiration go wrong? (4)

Answer 11

. Not enough oxygen in the lungs
• Not enough oxygen getting into in the blood
• Not enough blood into the lungs
• Reduced capacity in the blood to carry oxygen

Question 12

What diseases prevent oxygen getting in? (3)

Answer 12

Asthma, cystic fibrosis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 13

Diseases causing defects in gas exchange

Answer 13

• Pneumonia
. Not enough blood- Pulmonary Embolism
• Something in the way of gas exchange e.g. acute
inflammation/pus/water - adema
• Chronic alveolar thickening -Interstitial Diseases e.g. pulmonary fibrosis

Question 14

How to treat Low oxygen due to Pneunomia

Answer 14

antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia + O2 therapy

Question 15

How to treat Low oxygen due to asthma or COPD

Answer 15

bronchodilators for asthma/COPD + O2 therapy

Question 16

How to treat Low oxygen due to Pulmorary oedema

Answer 16

Diuretics for pulmonary oedema + o2 therapy

Question 17

How to treat Low oxygen due to Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 17

Anti-coagulation for pulmonary embolism + O2 therapy