intro

Question 1

What are the goals of scientific method?

Answer 1

1. describe
2. explain
3. predict
4. control behavior

Question 2

Explain Description

Answer 2

observing and describing patterns. Who, What, Why so on.

Question 3

Explain Prediction

Answer 3

Predicting what will happen in the future.

Question 4

Explain Identifying causes

Answer 4

what causes behavior’s

Question 5

Explain Explaining

Answer 5

theories of why things happen, and what is associated with what.

Question 6

Goals of qualitative research?

Answer 6

Description
Prediction
Identify causes
Explaining

Question 7

where do scientific ideas come from?

Answer 7

common sense
observations’
theories
past research

Question 8

What are the 5 types of quantitative studies?

Answer 8

Case studies
Naturalistic observations
Surveys
Correlational studies
Experimental studies

Question 9

what is the scientific process?

Answer 9

1. question
2. Hypothesis
3. define variables
4. Test hypothesis
5. analyze data
6. Report findings
7. More research and theory
8. New hypothesis from derived theory’s

Question 10

Two functions of theory?

Answer 10

1. Organizes and explains various specific facts or descriptions of behaviors.
2. generates new knowledge by focusing on our thinking.

Question 11

Explain case studies

Answer 11

It focuses on one subject in detail.

Question 12

Advantages on case studies

Answer 12

• Rich descriptive detail
• Suggests hypothesis for future study
• Can study rare behaviors

Question 13

Disadvantages on case studies

Answer 13

• Cannot establish cause and effect
• Cause may not be representative
• Often relies on researchers objective opinion

Question 14

What is natural observation?

Answer 14

behavior observed in the setting it naturally occurs

Question 15

Advantages of natural observation

Answer 15

• Can provide detailed information about the nature.
• Researchers can get realistic pictures of certain behaviors occurring in natural settings.

Question 16

Disadvantages of natural observation

Answer 16

• observer’s presence may affect the behavior of the participants.
• observer/ researcher can be biased and interpret in their own way.
• Cannot establish cause and effect.

Question 17

what is survays

Answer 17

Questions or tests administered to a sample from a population.

Question 18

Advantages of surveys

Answer 18

• Can obtain large amounts of data on a large scale of people.
• A properly drawn representative sample gives accurate information about the broader population.

Question 19

Disadvantages of surveys

Answer 19

• Unrepresentative samples yield misleading results.
• Surveys need to be reliable and valid.
• Interviewer and social desirably bias distract findings.

Question 20

Six steps to follow in Thematic Analysis

Answer 20

Phase 1:familiarizing yourself with your data
Phase 2:generating initial codes
Phase 3:searching for themes
Phase 4:reviewing themes
Phase 5:defining and naming themes
Phase 6:producing the report

Question 21

Advantages of Thematic Analysis

Answer 21

• flexible
• quick and easy to learn and do
• Results are generally accessible to educated general public.

Question 22

why do we use qualitative research?

Answer 22

• when a phenomenon needs to be explored
• When we need a detailed understanding of the problem
• When we want to understand the context participants experience issues.

Question 23

Different types of interviews

Answer 23

structured
semi structured
unstructured

Question 24

10 commandments of interviews

Answer 24

1. Never begin an interview cold
2. Think about your appearance
3. Be respectful
4. Practice
5. Interview in a comfortable place

Question 25

Focus group adv

Answer 25

- Allows naturalistic interaction - opportunity to gather information on a situation.

Question 26

focus group dis adv

Answer 26

- Large amount of data - Transcription is time-consuming - Researcher needs to be skilled

Question 27

advantages of diary studies

Answer 27

- It allows insight into events and experiences as they happen. - insight on the timeline of events

Question 28

disadvantages of diary studies?

Answer 28

- Dropout rates are high - Unsure if the instructions were followed - May alter daily experience's

Question 29

Observations adv.

Answer 29

- Allows researchers to see experiences as they happen

Question 30

observation dis adv.

Answer 30

People may behave differently

Question 31

Web-based data adv.

Answer 31

- Rich in detail, can focus on a specific topic.

Question 32

Web-based data dis adv.

Answer 32

- Anonymity may allow people to lie - Only internet users

Question 33

media and text sources adv.

Answer 33

-reduces the need to collect new data - No need to recruit

Question 34

media and text sources dis adv.

Answer 34

- A vast amount of media sources can tempt you to use them inappropriately. - can only be used for specific; research questions.

Question 35

Adv of correlational studies?

Answer 35

- Allows prediction - Examine issues that can't be studied practically or ethically.

Question 36

Dis adv of correlational studies?

Answer 36

- Correlation does not equal causation - Cannot establish cause and effect

Question 37

Experimental studies adv.

Answer 37

Best method for examining cause and effect of variables.

Question 38

Experimental studies dis adv.

Answer 38

careful design is essential, otherwise, confounds can threaten validity.

Question 39

Why do a correlational study?

Answer 39

- Allows prediction - Only practical method - Identify real-world associations that can't be studied in a lab.

Question 40

explain ordinal

Answer 40

Rank

Question 41

explain Nominal

Answer 41

category not ranked in order

Question 42

interval

Answer 42

no true 0

Question 43

ratio

Answer 43

true 0

Question 44

What does a good experiment have?

Answer 44

Random assignment large sample size reliable and valid operational variables

Question 45

Confounds are?

Answer 45

Other factors that can affect your study

Question 46

what is placebo effects

Answer 46

Change in behavior bc of expectations not treatment.

Question 47

What are three fundamental principles?

Answer 47

- Autonomy, free choice and consent - Justice, fairness - Beneficence, Benefits must outweigh the risk