Intro Flashcards
Who established behaviourism?
John Watson
What three arguments did Watson make in his article ‘Psychology as the behaviourist views it’?
- Psychology should only use subjective data.
- Psychology needs to be explicit in its goals.
- Animal research is okay.
What did Pavlov show?
A previously neutral stimulus can prompt the same physiological response as food.
What is associationism?
Learning triggered by an environmental stimulus
What is an example of associationism?
Little Albert
What is operant conditioning?
Environmental antecedents and consequences can increase/decrease rates of behaviour
Why did Skinner work with animals?
More experimental control - can mainpulate the amount of reinforcement
Who created Applied Behaviour Analysis?
Skinner
What is ABA defined as?
‘The attempt to solve behaviour problems by providing antecedents and/or consequences that change behaviour’
What is the four-term continency of FBAs?
Establishing operation (EO), antecedent (A), behaviour (B), consequences (C)
What does establishing operation in FBAs mean?
The extent to which somehting is being enforced depends on the context/what has happened that might change the intensity/effect of the enforcer
What are the three steps of an FBA?
- Define target behaviour
- Identify functional relations between the target behaviour and its antecedents and consequences
- Identify an effective intervention for changing the rate of the target behaviour
What increases the rate of a behaviour?
Reinforcement - the procedure of providing consequences for a behaviour that increase/maintain the frequency of that behaviour
What is a positive reinforcer?
A reinforcing event in which somehting is added following a behaviour
What is a negative reinforcer?
A reinforcing event in which something is removed following a behaviour
